The Role of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Supplements in the Management of Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses: Le rôle des habitudes alimentaires et des suppléments nutritionnels dans la prise en charge des troubles mentaux chez les enfants et les adolescents : une méta-revue de méta-analyses

Maria Talib, Majda Rachdi, Anna Papazova, Hélène Nicolis
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Abstract

ObjectiveIn recent years, the relationship between nutrition and mental health has gained considerable interest. We identified, synthesized, and appraised all meta­-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting on the efficacy of dietary patterns and nutrient supplements in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents.MethodsSystematic research in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was completed on 8 January 2024.ResultsOur research found 24 meta-analyses: 14 on RCTs, 8 on observational studies, and 2 combining both. Emerging evidence suggests that omega-3, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid, and Vitamin D may have adjunctive benefits in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while no evidence was found for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Observational data also indicated that prenatal folic acid supplementation (>400 μg daily) was associated with a reduced risk of ASD in offspring. In terms of dietary habits, several meta-analyses of observational data revealed that healthy dietary patterns (rich in fruits, vegetables, and fibre, low in saturated fats) during the prenatal period, childhood, and adolescence were linked to a significantly reduced risk of internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders. Conversely, unhealthy dietary habits (high in sugars, saturated animal fats, and industrial foods, low in fruits, vegetables, and fibre) are associated with an elevated risk of these mental health issues. However, the number of available studies on dietary interventions for the treatment of depression, ASD, and ADHD was limited, and the results obtained were either nonsignificant or contradictory.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the need to establish clear causal relationships between dietary habits and the risk of mental illness in children and adolescents. Moreover, further investigation of the benefits observed with some nutrient supplements (such as omega-3 and vitamin D for ADHD) through larger-scale RCTs is imperative to establish more robust conclusions.
膳食模式和营养补充剂在儿童和青少年精神障碍管理中的作用:Meta 分析综述
摘要: 近年来,营养与心理健康之间的关系引起了广泛关注。我们对所有报道膳食模式和营养素补充剂对预防和治疗儿童和青少年精神障碍疗效的随机对照试验(RCTs)和观察性研究的荟萃分析进行了鉴定、综合和评估:结果我们的研究发现了 24 项荟萃分析:14 项是关于研究性试验的,8 项是关于观察性研究的,2 项将两者结合在一起。新出现的证据表明,欧米伽-3(尤其是二十碳五烯酸)和维生素 D 对治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 有辅助作用,而对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 则没有证据。观察数据还表明,产前补充叶酸(每天 400 微克)与降低后代患 ASD 的风险有关。在饮食习惯方面,几项观察数据的荟萃分析表明,产前、童年和青春期的健康饮食模式(富含水果、蔬菜和纤维,低饱和脂肪)与内化障碍和外化障碍风险的显著降低有关。相反,不健康的饮食习惯(高糖、饱和动物脂肪和工业食品,低水果、蔬菜和纤维)则与这些心理健康问题的风险升高有关。结论我们的研究结果强调,有必要在饮食习惯与儿童和青少年精神疾病风险之间建立明确的因果关系。此外,为了得出更可靠的结论,必须通过更大规模的研究与试验对某些营养素补充剂(如治疗多动症的欧米伽-3和维生素D)的益处进行进一步调查。
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