The Domains of Monotonicity Processing

IF 2 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
I-An Tan, Nir Segal, Yosef Grodzinsky
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Abstract

This paper reports an investigation into the nature of Negative Polarity Item (NPI) licensing conditions from a processing perspective. We found that the processing cost of Downward Entailingness (a k a the Monotonicity Effect) is determined by the number of monotonicity reversals of NPI domains, rather than by the number of Downward-Entailing (DE) operators. This conclusion is not based on the standard judgment paradigm, but rather, on the measurement of continuous variables (error rates, Reaction Times (RTs)) in a verification task, in which the truth value of a sentence is determined against a scenario. We conducted two experiments with sentences that contained one or two DE operators, which featured in different syntactic configurations. We explored how RT is affected by the manipulation of both the number of DE operators, and the syntactic environments in which they reside. We ran these experiments in Hebrew and in English, with different participant populations and different testing methods. Despite the linguistic subtlety of the theoretical issues, our results were remarkably sharp, leading to two firm conclusions: (i) that processing time is determined not by the number of DE operators, but rather, by the monotonicity of the minimal constituent in which they reside; (ii) that DE-ness is not a property of operators, but of environments. We show how our results bear directly on the current debate about the nature of monotonicity, which we describe below. Finally, we provide quantitative tests of alternative, non-semantic explanations, and show how our results do not support them.
单调性处理领域
本文报告了一项从加工角度对负极性项目(NPI)许可条件性质的调查。我们发现,"向下必然性 "的处理成本(又称 "单调性效应")是由 NPI 领域的单调性反转数量决定的,而不是由 "向下必然性"(DE)运算符的数量决定的。这一结论并非基于标准的判断范式,而是基于验证任务中对连续变量(错误率、反应时间(RT))的测量,在验证任务中,句子的真值是根据情景来确定的。我们用包含一个或两个 DE 运算符的句子进行了两次实验,这些句子具有不同的句法结构。我们探讨了语法运算符的数量以及它们所处的句法环境对 RT 的影响。我们用希伯来语和英语进行了这些实验,使用了不同的参与者群体和不同的测试方法。尽管理论问题在语言学上非常微妙,但我们的结果却非常清晰,并得出了两个坚定的结论:(i) 处理时间不是由 DE 操作符的数量决定的,而是由它们所在的最小成分的单调性决定的;(ii) DE-ness 不是操作符的属性,而是环境的属性。我们将展示我们的结果如何直接影响到当前关于单调性本质的争论,我们将在下文中对此进行描述。最后,我们将对其他非语义解释进行定量检验,并说明我们的结果如何不支持这些解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
11.10%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: Journal of Semantics aims to be the premier journal in semantics. It covers all areas in the study of meaning, with a focus on formal and experimental methods. The Journal welcomes submissions on semantics, pragmatics, the syntax/semantics interface, cross-linguistic semantics, experimental studies of meaning (processing, acquisition, neurolinguistics), and semantically informed philosophy of language.
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