An underground drip water monitoring network to characterize rainfall recharge of groundwater at different geologies, environments, and climates across Australia

IF 1.8 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI:10.5194/gi-13-117-2024

Andy Baker, Margaret Shanafield, Wendy Timms, Martin Sogaard Andersen, Stacey Priestley, Marilu Melo Zurita

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract. Understanding when and why groundwater recharge occurs is of fundamental importance for the sustainable use of this essential freshwater resource for humans and ecosystems. However, accurately capturing this component of the water balance is widely acknowledged to be a major challenge. Direct physical measurements identifying when groundwater recharge is occurring are possible by utilizing a sensor network of hydrological loggers deployed in underground spaces located in the vadose zone. Through measurements of water percolating into these spaces from above, we can record the potential groundwater recharge process in action. By using automated sensors, it is possible to precisely determine when recharge occurs (which event, month, or season and for which climate condition). Combined with daily rainfall data, it is possible to quantify the “rainfall recharge threshold”, the amount of rainfall needed to generate groundwater recharge, and its temporal and spatial variability. Australia's National Groundwater Recharge Observing System (NGROS) provides the first dedicated sensor network for observing groundwater recharge at an event scale across a wide range of geologies, environments, and climate types representing a wide range of Australian hydroclimates. Utilizing tunnels, mines, caves, and other subsurface spaces located in the vadose zone, the sensors effectively record “deep drainage”, water that can move beyond the shallow subsurface and root zone to generate groundwater recharge. The NGROS has the temporal resolution to capture individual recharge events, with multiple sensors deployed at each site to constrain the heterogeneity of recharge between different flow paths, and to quantify (including uncertainty bounds) rainfall recharge thresholds. Established in 2022, the network is described here together with examples of data being generated.

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地下滴水监测网络，用于描述澳大利亚不同地质、环境和气候条件下地下水的降雨补给特征

摘要。了解地下水补给发生的时间和原因对于可持续利用这一人类和生态系统不可或缺的淡水资源至关重要。然而，准确捕捉水量平衡的这一组成部分被公认为是一项重大挑战。利用部署在地下负水层空间的水文记录仪传感器网络，可以直接进行物理测量，确定地下水何时补给。通过测量从上方渗入这些空间的水量，我们可以记录潜在的地下水补给过程。通过使用自动传感器，我们可以精确地确定补给发生的时间（哪一事件、月份或季节以及哪种气候条件）。结合每日降雨量数据，可以量化 "降雨补给阈值"、产生地下水补给所需的降雨量及其时空变化。澳大利亚国家地下水补给观测系统（NGROS）提供了第一个专门的传感器网络，用于观测代表澳大利亚各种水文气候的各种地质、环境和气候类型的事件尺度的地下水补给。传感器利用隧道、矿井、洞穴和其他位于地下潮湿地带的地下空间，有效地记录了 "深层排水"，即可以移动到浅层地下和根区以外产生地下水补给的水。NGROS 具有捕捉单个补给事件的时间分辨率，在每个站点部署多个传感器，以限制不同水流路径之间补给的异质性，并量化（包括不确定性边界）降雨补给阈值。该网络于 2022 年建立，本文将对其进行介绍，并举例说明所生成的数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

37 weeks

期刊介绍： Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI) is an open-access interdisciplinary electronic journal for swift publication of original articles and short communications in the area of geoscientific instruments. It covers three main areas: (i) atmospheric and geospace sciences, (ii) earth science, and (iii) ocean science. A unique feature of the journal is the emphasis on synergy between science and technology that facilitates advances in GI. These advances include but are not limited to the following: concepts, design, and description of instrumentation and data systems; retrieval techniques of scientific products from measurements; calibration and data quality assessment; uncertainty in measurements; newly developed and planned research platforms and community instrumentation capabilities; major national and international field campaigns and observational research programs; new observational strategies to address societal needs in areas such as monitoring climate change and preventing natural disasters; networking of instruments for enhancing high temporal and spatial resolution of observations. GI has an innovative two-stage publication process involving the scientific discussion forum Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions (GID), which has been designed to do the following: foster scientific discussion; maximize the effectiveness and transparency of scientific quality assurance; enable rapid publication; make scientific publications freely accessible.