Genetic legacy and adaptive signatures: investigating the history, diversity, and selection signatures in Rendena cattle resilient to eighteenth century rinderpest epidemics

IF 3.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Genetics Selection Evolution Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI:10.1186/s12711-024-00900-y

Elisa Somenzi, Erika Partel, Mario Barbato, Ana María Chero Osorio, Licia Colli, Niccolò Franceschi, Roberto Mantovani, Fabio Pilla, Matteo Komjanc, Alessandro Achilli, Heidi Christine Hauffe, Paolo Ajmone Marsan

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Abstract

Rendena is a dual-purpose cattle breed, which is primarily found in the Italian Alps and the eastern areas of the Po valley, and recognized for its longevity, fertility, disease resistance and adaptability to steep Alpine pastures. It is categorized as 'vulnerable to extinction' with only 6057 registered animals in 2022, yet no comprehensive analyses of its molecular diversity have been performed to date. The aim of this study was to analyse the origin, genetic diversity, and genomic signatures of selection in Rendena cattle using data from samples collected in 2000 and 2018, and shed light on the breed's evolution and conservation needs. Genetic analysis revealed that the Rendena breed shares genetic components with various Alpine and Po valley breeds, with a marked genetic proximity to the Original Braunvieh breed, reflecting historical restocking efforts across the region. The breed shows signatures of selection related to both milk and meat production, environmental adaptation and immune response, the latter being possibly the result of multiple rinderpest epidemics that swept across the Alps in the eighteenth century. An analysis of the Rendena cattle population spanning 18 years showed an increase in the mean level of inbreeding over time, which is confirmed by the mean number of runs of homozygosity per individual, which was larger in the 2018 sample. The Rendena breed, while sharing a common origin with Brown Swiss, has developed distinct traits that enable it to thrive in the Alpine environment and make it highly valued by local farmers. Preserving these adaptive features is essential, not only for maintaining genetic diversity and enhancing the ability of this traditional animal husbandry to adapt to changing environments, but also for guaranteeing the resilience and sustainability of both this livestock system and the livelihoods within the Rendena valley.

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遗传遗产和适应特征：研究能抵御十八世纪牛瘟流行的伦代纳牛的历史、多样性和选择特征

Rendena 是一种两用牛品种，主要分布在意大利阿尔卑斯山和波河流域东部地区，因其长寿、肥沃、抗病和适应陡峭的阿尔卑斯山牧场而受到认可。它被归类为 "濒临灭绝"，2022 年仅有 6057 头注册牲畜，但迄今为止尚未对其分子多样性进行过全面分析。本研究旨在利用 2000 年和 2018 年收集的样本数据，分析伦代纳牛的起源、遗传多样性和基因组选择特征，并揭示该品种的进化和保护需求。遗传分析表明，伦德纳牛种与阿尔卑斯山和波河流域的各种牛种共享遗传成分，与原始布劳恩牛种的遗传关系明显接近，这反映了整个地区历史上的种群恢复工作。该品种显示出与产奶量和产肉量、环境适应性和免疫反应有关的选择特征，后者可能是十八世纪席卷阿尔卑斯山的多次牛瘟疫情的结果。对伦代纳牛群 18 年的分析表明，随着时间的推移，近亲繁殖的平均水平有所提高，这一点也得到了每个个体的同源染色体平均数目的证实，在 2018 年的样本中，同源染色体的数目更大。伦代纳品种虽然与瑞士褐马鸡有着共同的起源，但却发展出了独特的性状，使其能够在阿尔卑斯山环境中茁壮成长，并受到当地农民的高度评价。保护这些适应性特征至关重要，这不仅是为了保持遗传多样性，提高这种传统畜牧业适应不断变化的环境的能力，也是为了保证这种畜牧系统和伦代纳山谷中的生计的恢复力和可持续性。

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来源期刊

Genetics Selection Evolution 生物-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

9.80%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Genetics Selection Evolution invites basic, applied and methodological content that will aid the current understanding and the utilization of genetic variability in domestic animal species. Although the focus is on domestic animal species, research on other species is invited if it contributes to the understanding of the use of genetic variability in domestic animals. Genetics Selection Evolution publishes results from all levels of study, from the gene to the quantitative trait, from the individual to the population, the breed or the species. Contributions concerning both the biological approach, from molecular genetics to quantitative genetics, as well as the mathematical approach, from population genetics to statistics, are welcome. Specific areas of interest include but are not limited to: gene and QTL identification, mapping and characterization, analysis of new phenotypes, high-throughput SNP data analysis, functional genomics, cytogenetics, genetic diversity of populations and breeds, genetic evaluation, applied and experimental selection, genomic selection, selection efficiency, and statistical methodology for the genetic analysis of phenotypes with quantitative and mixed inheritance.