Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models

IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, Hervé Capart
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Abstract

Abstract. Tectonics play a significant role in shaping the morphology of submarine canyons, which form essential links in source-to-sink (S2S) systems. It is difficult, however, to investigate the resulting morphodynamics over the long term. For this purpose, we propose a novel experimental approach that can generate submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on continuously evolving active faults. We utilize morphometric analysis and morphodynamic models to understand the response of these systems to fault slip rate (Vr) and inflow discharge (Q). Our research reveals several key findings. Firstly, the fault slip rate controls the merging speed of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans, which in turn affects their quantity and spacing. Additionally, the long profile shapes of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans can be decoupled into a gravity-dominated breaching process and an underflow-dominated diffusion process, which can be described using a constant-slope relationship and a morphodynamic diffusion model, respectively. Furthermore, both experimental and simulated submarine canyon–hanging-wall fan long profiles exhibit strong self-similarity, indicating that the long profiles are scale independent. The Hack's scaling relationship established through morphometric analyses serves as an important link between different scales in S2S systems, bridging laboratory-scale data to field-scale data and submarine-to-terrestrial relationships. Lastly, for deep-water sedimentary systems, we propose an empirical formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length, and the data from 26 worldwide S2S systems utilized for comparison show a strong agreement. Our geomorphic experiments provide a novel perspective for better understanding of the influence of tectonics on deep-water sedimentary processes. The scaling relationships and empirical formulas we have established aim to assist in estimating volume information that is difficult to obtain during long-term landscape evolution processes.
海底峡谷和悬壁扇的演变:地貌实验和形态动力学模型的启示
摘要构造作用在塑造海底峡谷形态方面发挥着重要作用,海底峡谷是源-汇(S2S)系统的重要环节。然而,很难对由此产生的形态动力学进行长期研究。为此,我们提出了一种新的实验方法,可以在持续演化的活动断层上生成海底峡谷和悬壁扇。我们利用形态计量分析和形态动力学模型来了解这些系统对断层滑移率(Vr)和流入量(Q)的响应。我们的研究揭示了几个重要发现。首先,断层滑移率控制着海底峡谷和悬壁扇的合并速度,进而影响它们的数量和间距。此外,海底峡谷和悬壁扇的长剖面形状可以解耦为重力主导的破裂过程和底流主导的扩散过程,这两个过程可以分别用恒坡关系和形态动力学扩散模型来描述。此外,实验和模拟的海底峡谷悬壁扇长剖面都表现出很强的自相似性,表明长剖面与尺度无关。通过形态分析建立的 Hack 比例关系是连接 S2S 系统不同尺度的重要纽带,是实验室尺度数据与野外尺度数据以及海底与陆地关系的桥梁。最后,对于深水沉积系统,我们提出了利用峡谷长度估算扇形体积的经验公式,来自全球 26 个 S2S 系统的数据显示出很强的一致性。我们的地貌实验为更好地理解构造对深水沉积过程的影响提供了一个新的视角。我们建立的比例关系和经验公式旨在帮助估算在长期地貌演化过程中难以获得的体积信息。
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICALGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCI-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
56
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping Earth''s surface and their interactions on all scales.
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