Electrodynamics with violations of Lorentz and U(1) gauge symmetries and their Hamiltonian structures*

IF 3.6 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

中国物理C Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI:10.1088/1674-1137/ad33be

Xiu-Peng Yang, 秀鹏杨, Bao-Fei Li, 瀑飞李, Tao Zhu and 涛朱

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Abstract

This study aims to investigate Lorentz/U(1) gauge symmetry-breaking electrodynamics in the framework of the standard-model extension and analyze the Hamiltonian structure for the theory with a specific dimension of Lorentz breaking operators. For this purpose, we consider a general quadratic action of the modified electrodynamics with Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators and calculate the number of independent components of the operators at different dimensions in gauge invariance and breaking. With this general action, we then analyze how Lorentz/gauge symmetry-breaking can change the Hamiltonian structure of the theories by considering Lorentz/gauge-breaking operators with dimension as examples. We show that the Lorentz-breaking operators with gauge invariance do not change the classes of the theory constrains and the number of physical degrees of freedom of the standard Maxwell electrodynamics. When U(1) gauge symmetry-breaking operators are present, the theories generally lack a first-class constraint and have one additional physical degree of freedom compared to the standard Maxwell electrodynamics.

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违反洛伦兹和 U(1) 轨距对称性的电动力学及其哈密顿结构 *

本研究旨在研究标准模型扩展框架下的洛伦兹/U(1)规对称破缺电动力学，并分析具有特定维度洛伦兹破缺算子的理论的哈密顿结构。为此，我们考虑了带有洛伦兹/量规破缺算子的修正电动力学的一般二次作用，并计算了在量规不变性和破缺中不同维度算子的独立分量数。有了这个一般作用，我们再以具有维数的洛伦兹/量规破缺算子为例，分析洛伦兹/量规对称性破缺如何改变理论的哈密顿结构。我们证明，具有规规不变性的洛伦兹破缺算子不会改变标准麦克斯韦电动力学的理论约束类和物理自由度数。当存在 U(1) 轨距对称性破缺算子时，理论通常缺乏第一类约束，并且与标准麦克斯韦电动力学相比多了一个物理自由度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

中国物理C 物理-物理：核物理

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

8.30%

发文量

8976

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Chinese Physics C covers the latest developments and achievements in the theory, experiment and applications of: Particle physics; Nuclear physics; Particle and nuclear astrophysics; Cosmology; Accelerator physics. The journal publishes original research papers, letters and reviews. The Letters section covers short reports on the latest important scientific results, published as quickly as possible. Such breakthrough research articles are a high priority for publication. The Editorial Board is composed of about fifty distinguished physicists, who are responsible for the review of submitted papers and who ensure the scientific quality of the journal. The journal has been awarded the Chinese Academy of Sciences ‘Excellent Journal’ award multiple times, and is recognized as one of China''s top one hundred key scientific periodicals by the General Administration of News and Publications.