Fidelity and criticality in the nonreciprocal Aubry-Andr{é}-Harper model

Abstract

We study the critical behaviors of the ground and first excited states in the one-dimensional nonreciprocal Aubry-Andr{\'e}-Harper model using both the self-normal and biorthogonal fidelity susceptibilities. We demonstrate that fidelity susceptibilities serve as a probe for the phase transition in the nonreciprocal AAH model. For ground states, characterized by real eigenenergies across the entire regime, both fidelity susceptibilities near the critical points scale as $N^{2}$, akin to the Hermitian AAH model. However, for the first-excited states, where $\mathcal{PT}$ transitions occur, the fidelity susceptibilities exhibit distinct scaling laws, contingent upon whether the lattice consists of even or odd sites. For even lattices, the self-normal fidelity susceptibilities near the critical points continue to scale as $N^{2}$. For odd lattices, the biorthogonal fidelity susceptibilities diverge, while the self-normal fidelity susceptibilities exhibit linear behavior, indicating a novel scaling law.