Detection of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in pets using single-grid-based dark-field X-ray imaging

Jonghyeok Lee, Hyunwoo Lim, Hunwoo Lee, Hyosung Cho
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Abstract

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies (GI-FBs) occur when pets consume non-digestible items that do not readily pass through the stomach or intestines. While some GI-FBs pass through, many become lodged along the gastrointestinal tract and cause discomfort, often leading to sickness. Conventional absorption-based radiography is widely used to detect GI-FBs in pets. However, detecting low-density FBs, such as wood, plastic, clothing, and sticks, is typically difficult using conventional radiography. This study presents a novel approach for detecting low-density GI-FBs in pets by using single-grid-based dark-field X-ray imaging (SG-DFXI). It obtains microstructural information from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the sample using a conventional X-ray source and grid. SG-DFXI requires minimal exposure and system setup and is specifically utilized to detect low-density materials that are invisible when using conventional radiography. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on a mouse phantom attached to a wooden chopstick as a low-density GI-FB. Quantitative evaluation was performed using image quality metrics of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and relative contrast gain (RCG). The CNR value measured in the dark-field image obtained with an autocorrelation length of ξG = 294 nm was 4.59, approximately 5.4 times larger than that of the absorption image obtained in the same imaging setup. In addition, the RCG characteristics improved as the autocorrelation length of the system increased; the RCG value for ξG = 294 nm was 5.4, approximately 3.2 times larger than that for ξG = 194 nm. Thus, increasing the autocorrelation length of the system is critical to improve its ability to detect low-density FBs. Consequently, SG-DFXI appears to be a promising method that can be used effectively and easily to detect GI-FBs in pets, which are barely visible in absorption images.
利用单网格暗场 X 射线成像检测宠物胃肠道异物
当宠物吃下不易通过肠胃的非消化性食物时,就会产生胃肠道异物(GI-FBs)。虽然有些胃肠道异物可以通过,但许多异物会滞留在胃肠道中,引起不适,通常会导致生病。传统的基于吸收的射线照相术被广泛用于检测宠物的胃肠道食物残渣。然而,使用传统的射线照相术通常很难检测到低密度的食物纤维,如木头、塑料、衣服和棍棒。本研究提出了一种利用单网格暗场 X 射线成像(SG-DFXI)检测宠物体内低密度胃肠道纤维瘤的新方法。它使用传统的 X 射线源和网格,从样品的小角 X 射线散射 (SAXS) 中获取微观结构信息。SG-DFXI 只需极少的曝光和系统设置,专门用于检测传统射线照相术无法看到的低密度材料。为了验证所提方法的有效性,我们在一个小鼠模型上进行了实验,该模型附着在一根木筷子上,作为低密度 GI-FB 材料。使用对比度-噪声比(CNR)和相对对比度增益(RCG)等图像质量指标进行了定量评估。在自相关长度为 ξG = 294 nm 的暗视野图像中测得的 CNR 值为 4.59,是在相同成像装置中获得的吸收图像的约 5.4 倍。此外,随着系统自相关长度的增加,RCG 特性也有所改善;ξG = 294 nm 的 RCG 值为 5.4,约为ξG = 194 nm 的 3.2 倍。因此,增加系统的自相关长度对于提高其探测低密度 FB 的能力至关重要。因此,SG-DFXI 似乎是一种很有前途的方法,可以有效、方便地用于检测宠物中的 GI-FB,而这些 FB 在吸收图像中几乎不可见。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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