Peripheral biomarkers as a predictor of poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19

Abstract

We evaluated glycemia and triglyceride, hepatic, muscular, and renal damage markers, redox profile, and leptin and ghrelin hormone levels in COVID-19 patients. We also conducted statistical analysis to verify the potential of biomarkers to predict poor prognosis and the correlation between them in severe cases. We assessed glycemia and the levels of triglycerides, hepatic, muscular, and renal markers in automatized biochemical analyzer. The leptin and ghrelin hormones were assessed by the ELISA assay. Severe cases presented high glycemia and triglyceride levels. Hepatic, muscular, and renal biomarkers were altered in severe patients. Oxidative stress status was found in severe COVID-19 patients. Severe cases also had increased levels of leptin. The ROC curves indicated many biomarkers as poor prognosis predictors in severe cases. The Spearman analysis showed that biomarkers correlate between themselves. Patients with COVID-19 showed significant dysregulation in the levels of several peripheral biomarkers. We bring to light that a robust panel of peripheral biomarkers and hormones predict poor prognosis in severe cases of COVID-19 and biomarkers correlate with each other. Early monitoring of these biomarkers may lead to appropriate clinical interventions in patients infected by SARS-CoV2.