Demographics and Outcomes of Glenohumeral Dislocations in Individuals With Elevated Body Mass Index

Abstract

Introduction: No specific study has investigated the characteristics and outcomes of anterior shoulder dislocations in morbidly obese individuals. The purpose of this study was to describe shoulder dislocations in patients with body mass index (BMI) greater than 40. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients aged 18 years and older with a BMI ≥40 who presented with a shoulder dislocation in a single institution from 2000 to 2020. Dislocation patterns, associated injuries, treatment modalities, and associated complications were recorded. Results: A significant increase was noted in the number of patients with BMI greater than 40 presenting per year (r2 = −0.831, P < 0.01) over the past 20 years. A significant increase was noted in the average BMI per year in this population (r2 = 0.504, P = 0.028). Fifteen patients (19.5%) experienced at least one recurrent dislocation episode. Ten patients had a Bankart lesion that was associated with an elevated BMI (P = 0.04). Nine patients (11.7%) sustained an associated neurologic injury (no association with BMI). Conclusions: Over time, there has been an increase in shoulder dislocations in morbidly obese individuals in the United States, alongside an overall increase in the average BMI of patients who present with shoulder dislocations.