Correlation of Serum Calcium with Severity and Outcomes in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumonia

J. Fatima, V. Shukla, Z. Siddiqi, Devendra Kumar, Saboor Mateen, Akhilesh Bandhu Gupta
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Calcium is an essential electrolyte with critical physiological functions. Recently, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and outcomes of COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate serum ionic calcium and its correlation with clinical severity, inflammatory markers, and in-hospital outcomes in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively analyzed data from 377 COVID-19 patients, aged between 23 and 79 years, with a mean age of 54.17±11.53 years. Severity of the disease was determined using ICMR criteria. Parameters including age, gender, inflammatory markers, calcium levels, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The study showed a prevalence of moderate and severe COVID-19 in 58.1% and 41.9% patients, respectively. Severity was significantly associated with younger age, higher mean inflammatory markers, notably IL-6, procalcitonin, D-Dimer, and lower ionic and total calcium levels, as well as vitamin D levels. Mortality and referral rate were significantly higher in the severe group. Hypocalcemia was prevalent in 39% of the patients and was significantly associated with disease severity, ARDS, and mortality. On multivariate assessment, only age and ionic calcium were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Lower serum ionic calcium levels are associated with increased severity and poor outcomes, including higher mortality in COVID-19 patients, underscoring the potential role of calcium as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in COVID-19 pneumonia and may be an important factor in various other forms of pneumonia.
COVID-19 肺炎患者血清钙与病情严重程度和预后的相关性
摘要 钙是一种重要的电解质,具有关键的生理功能。最近,钙被认为与 COVID-19 的发病机制和预后有关。这项回顾性研究旨在估算中度至重度 COVID-19 患者的血清离子钙及其与临床严重程度、炎症指标和院内预后的相关性。 我们回顾性分析了 377 名 COVID-19 患者的数据,他们的年龄在 23 岁至 79 岁之间,平均年龄为(54.17±11.53)岁。疾病严重程度根据 ICMR 标准确定。评估的参数包括年龄、性别、炎症指标、血钙水平和临床结果。 研究显示,58.1% 和 41.9% 的患者患有中度和重度 COVID-19。严重程度与年龄较小、平均炎症指标(尤其是 IL-6、降钙素原、D-二聚体)较高、离子钙和总钙水平较低以及维生素 D 水平较低明显相关。严重组的死亡率和转诊率明显更高。低钙血症在 39% 的患者中普遍存在,与疾病严重程度、ARDS 和死亡率密切相关。在多变量评估中,只有年龄和离子钙与 COVID-19 的严重程度明显相关。 血清离子钙水平较低与COVID-19患者的病情严重程度和不良预后(包括较高的死亡率)相关,这突出表明钙在COVID-19肺炎中作为诊断和预后标志物的潜在作用,同时也可能是其他各种形式肺炎的重要因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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