Adherence patterns, risk factors and complications among patients with tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study at Nsawam Government Hospital

BMJ Public Health Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1136/bmjph-2023-000618

Abraham Norman Nortey, Amanda Adjoda, Amidu Alhassan, G. Y. Scott

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent prior to COVID-19 pandemic. TB substantially affects adults during their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. More than 25% of cases and deaths occur in Africa. People infected with HIV are 20–30 times more likely to develop active TB. In this study, we determined the level of TB medication adherence, risk factors and complications of TB in outpatients attending the Nsawam Government Hospital.This cross-sectional study randomly recruited 277 patients with TB attending the Nsawam Government Hospital for care. Structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic information, adherence and lifestyle characteristics. Associations and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed with 95% CIs. All p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Majority (36.1%) of the patients were between the ages of 29 and 38. Majority (63.9%) of them had high adherence to TB medication. Participants earning less than 500 Ghana Cedis (Ghc) (adjusted OR (aOR)=8.85. 95% CI (1.59 to 49.24), p=0.013), patients with TB who indicated having complication (joint pain, spinal pain, heart disorders, liver or kidney problems) as a result of TB (aOR=2.81, 95% CI (1.58 to 4.99), p<0.001), respondents who mentioned living with people infected with TB (aOR=3.23. 95% CI (1.24 to 8.37), p=0.016) were the independent predictors of adherence to TB medication.The study findings revealed that participants exhibited commendable adherence to TB medication. Notably, adherence levels were found to be linked to several factors, including income, medication side effects and cohabitation with individuals infected with TB. The positive trend in adherence underscores the importance of considering socioeconomic factors, as lower income was identified as a potential barrier to consistent medication adherence

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肺结核患者的坚持治疗模式、风险因素和并发症：恩萨瓦姆政府医院的横断面研究

结核病（TB）是全球第九大死因，也是 COVID-19 大流行之前单一传染源导致死亡的主要原因。结核病主要影响生产力最旺盛时期的成年人。然而，所有年龄段的人群都面临风险。超过 25% 的病例和死亡发生在非洲。艾滋病毒感染者罹患活动性肺结核的几率是普通人的 20-30 倍。在这项研究中，我们确定了恩萨瓦姆政府医院门诊患者的结核病服药依从性、风险因素和结核病并发症水平。这项横断面研究随机招募了 277 名到恩萨瓦姆政府医院就诊的肺结核患者，并使用结构化问卷收集了他们的社会人口学信息、依从性和生活方式特征。研究人员进行了相关性分析和多变量逻辑回归分析，并得出了 95% 的 CIs。大多数患者（36.1%）的年龄在 29 岁至 38 岁之间。大多数患者（63.9%）对结核病药物治疗的依从性较高。收入低于 500 加纳塞地（Ghc）的参与者（调整 OR (aOR)=8.85.95% CI (1.59 to 49.24)，p=0.013），表示因结核病而出现并发症（关节痛、脊柱痛、心脏疾病、肝脏或肾脏问题）的结核病患者（aOR=2.81，95% CI (1.58 to 4.99)，p<0.001），提到与结核病感染者共同生活的受访者（aOR=3.23。研究结果显示，参与者对结核病药物治疗的依从性值得称赞。值得注意的是，研究发现坚持服药的程度与几个因素有关，包括收入、药物副作用以及与结核病感染者同居。坚持服药的积极趋势强调了考虑社会经济因素的重要性，因为收入较低被认为是坚持服药的潜在障碍。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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BMJ Public Health

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