Dynamic characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensors

IF 2.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Clemens Naumann , Tommaso Carlesi , Henning Otto , Christian Cierpka , Delphine Laboureur
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Abstract

To reliably characterize fast dynamic heat transfer mechanisms, fast-response temperature sensors are crucial, including knowledge about the temporal response. In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensor is investigated and compared to different types of fast-response thermocouples using two different experimental dynamic characterization methods. A temperature step is generated by either plunging the sensor into a fluid or exposing it to a fluid droplet at different temperatures. The step response is evaluated to determine the sensor response time. Calibration runs are performed for a silica-based 0.125 mm FBG sensor, as well as for 0.16 mm and 0.8 mm exposed tip and 0.25 mm sheathed tip type K thermocouples. Water, glycerin, oil and GaInSn were used to cover a broad range of applications regarding different thermal diffusivities and viscosities. The FBG sensor showed the shortest response times compared to the thermocouples, ranging from 60 ms in oil down to 3 ms in liquid metal, which is 20 % up to 70 % faster compared to a 0.25 mm sheathed tip type K thermocouple. Additional plunging calibration runs of the FBG sensor were performed in a ternary nitrate molten salt mixture (HITEC) to determine its overall and dynamic behavior in corrosive fluids at elevated temperatures. It turns out that the FBG sensor is not affected by the molten salt and shows similar response times to those measured in water. Regarding the characterization methods, both techniques show reproducible results, even though the droplet method is inapplicable for sensors with higher heat capacity or lower thermal conductivity than the calibration fluid. Furthermore, splashing effects for fluids with low viscosity reduce the reliability of the droplet method. The results also show that a dynamic characterization is indispensable for temperature measurements with high temporal resolution because the response time depends on the sensor size and the heat transfer coefficient between sensor and surrounding, which in turn depends on the sensor type, fluid properties and the flow parameters.

光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器的动态特性分析
要可靠地表征快速动态传热机制,快速响应温度传感器(包括时间响应知识)至关重要。本文采用两种不同的实验动态表征方法,对光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器的动态行为进行了研究,并与不同类型的快速响应热电偶进行了比较。将传感器插入流体中或暴露在不同温度的流体液滴中会产生温度阶跃。对阶跃响应进行评估,以确定传感器的响应时间。对基于二氧化硅的 0.125 毫米 FBG 传感器以及 0.16 毫米和 0.8 毫米裸露顶端和 0.25 毫米护套顶端 K 型热电偶进行了校准运行。水、甘油、油和 GaInSn 被广泛应用于不同的热扩散率和粘度。与热电偶相比,FBG 传感器的响应时间最短,在油中为 60 毫秒,在液态金属中为 3 毫秒,与 0.25 毫米带护套的 K 型热电偶相比,响应时间快 20% 至 70%。在三元硝酸盐熔盐混合物(HITEC)中对 FBG 传感器进行了额外的柱塞校准运行,以确定其在高温腐蚀性流体中的整体和动态行为。结果表明,FBG 传感器不受熔盐的影响,其响应时间与在水中测量的响应时间相似。在表征方法方面,尽管液滴法不适用于热容量比校准流体高或热导率比校准流体低的传感器,但两种技术都显示出了可重复的结果。此外,低粘度液体的飞溅效应也降低了液滴法的可靠性。结果还表明,动态特性分析对于高时间分辨率的温度测量是必不可少的,因为响应时间取决于传感器的尺寸以及传感器与周围环境之间的传热系数,而传热系数又取决于传感器类型、流体特性和流动参数。
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来源期刊
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.10%
发文量
159
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science provides a forum for research emphasizing experimental work that enhances fundamental understanding of heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics. In addition to the principal areas of research, the journal covers research results in related fields, including combined heat and mass transfer, flows with phase transition, micro- and nano-scale systems, multiphase flow, combustion, radiative transfer, porous media, cryogenics, turbulence, and novel experimental techniques.
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