On the trees with maximum Cardinality-Redundance number

Abstract

A vertex $v$ is said to be over-dominated by a set $S$ if $|N[u]\cap S|\geq 2$. The cardinality--redundance of $S$, $CR(S)$, is the number of vertices of $G$ that are over-dominated by $S$. The cardinality--redundance of $G$, $CR(G)$, is the minimum of $CR(S)$ taken over all dominating sets $S$. A dominating set $S$ with $CR(S) = CR(G)$ is called a $CR(G)$-set. In this paper, we prove an upper bound for the cardinality--redundance in trees in terms of the order and the number of leaves, and characterize all trees achieving equality for the proposed bound.