Dynamics of bubble collapse near an armored free surface

IF 2.8 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Xujun Fan , Fangye Lin , Jihua Zou , Jun Zou
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Abstract

Armored surfaces refer to a liquid–air interface covered by a layer of floating particles. This paper examines the collapse dynamics of a bubble generated by an electric spark near such an armored surface. The collapse of the bubble near the armored surface is similar to that near a free surface, with the formation of spraying liquid film, upward liquid jet in the forms of water dome, water spike, and water skirt with the change of the vertical distance (l) from the bubble center to the liquid surface. However, on the armored surface, we also observe particle splash and solid–liquid mixture splash. We confirm that the particle splash occurs due to the transfer of shock wave energy during bubble expansion and collapse. The splashing velocity (vp) and the distance (d0) from the bubble center to the particle follow the scaling law of vp ∼ l/d02. Additionally, we discuss the motion of the upward liquid jet and downward vortex ring. We find that the armored surface only affects the initial velocity of the jet without affecting its acceleration. This can be attributed to the additional energy dissipation caused by the splash formed on the armored surface. In contrast, the trajectory of the vortex ring remains unaffected by the armored surface. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of bubble collapse near an armored surface and highlights the role of floating particles in altering the behavior of liquid jets.

装甲自由表面附近的气泡坍塌动力学
铠装表面指的是被一层漂浮颗粒覆盖的液气界面。本文研究了电火花在这种铠装表面附近产生的气泡的坍塌动力学。气泡在铠装表面附近的坍塌过程与自由表面类似,随着气泡中心到液面垂直距离(l)的变化,会形成喷射液膜、水球、水钉和水裙等形式的向上液体射流。然而,在铠装表面,我们还观察到了颗粒飞溅和固液混合物飞溅。我们证实,颗粒飞溅是由于气泡膨胀和坍塌过程中冲击波能量的传递造成的。从气泡中心到粒子的飞溅速度(vp)和距离(d0)遵循 vp ∼ l/d02 的缩放规律。此外,我们还讨论了向上的液体射流和向下的涡环运动。我们发现,铠装表面只影响射流的初速度,而不影响其加速度。这可能是由于在装甲表面形成的飞溅造成了额外的能量耗散。相比之下,涡旋环的轨迹不受装甲表面的影响。这项研究为了解装甲表面附近气泡坍塌的动力学提供了宝贵的见解,并突出了漂浮粒子在改变液体射流行为方面的作用。
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来源期刊
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.10%
发文量
159
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science provides a forum for research emphasizing experimental work that enhances fundamental understanding of heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics. In addition to the principal areas of research, the journal covers research results in related fields, including combined heat and mass transfer, flows with phase transition, micro- and nano-scale systems, multiphase flow, combustion, radiative transfer, porous media, cryogenics, turbulence, and novel experimental techniques.
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