The first Protosiren remains preserved in ornamental limestones, Middle Eocene, North Eastern Desert, Egypt

Abstract

A recent revelation has come to our attention, revealing the remarkably well-preserved post-cranial remains belonging to Protosiren. These remains include vertebrae, ribs, and fragmentary bones, and were discovered from two different horizons located in the Mokattam Formation of El-Galala Plateau, North Eastern Desert of Egypt. The first specimen, GCU0101, is identified as Protosiren sp., whereas the GCU0201 specimen is recognised as Protosiren cf. P. fraasi due to certain distinguishing features. These include vertebrae with wide keyhole-shaped neural canals, reduced tuberculum on the ribs, lack of pachyostotic ribs, and the possession of rugose articular rib head. This discovery is remarkable, as it offers a unique opportunity to study the ancient marine mammal's morphology and osteology, shedding light on its evolutionary history and ecological niche. The study documents the first occurrence of Protosiren from an ornamental limestone of the Middle Eocene (Bartonian) Observatory Formation from El-Galala Plateau, Northeastern Desert, Egypt.