PANORAMIC REVIEW OF MANAGEMENT, CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT AND SHOULDER REDUCTION TECHNIQUES

Abstract

Introduction: The glenohumeral joint combines a wide range of motion and insufficient bony stabilization, making it susceptible to instability and dislocations. Glenohumeral dislocations are commonly attributed to contact sports, as well as bicycle accidents, falls and high impact trauma. Objective: to detail current information related to the incidence, clinical evaluation, imaging assessment, management, conservative treatment and shoulder reduction techniques of shoulder dislocations. Methodology: a total of 30 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 16 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant for this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: shoulder dislocation, glenohumeral dislocation, shoulder reduction maneuvers, shoulder reduction techniques. Results: The shoulder joint is frequently correlated to dislocations, showing up to 45% of all dislocations. Inferior as well as superior dislocations are rare. Chronic glenohumeral dislocations are infrequent injuries accounting for less than 2%. Anterior glenohumeral dislocations account for about 90% of shoulder dislocations. Approximately 50% to 79% of posterior glenohumeral dislocations are overlooked. Conclusions: As the epidemiology indicates, there is a high incidence of shoulder dislocations, so it is important to recognize the importance of adequate clinical assessment, diagnosis and knowledge of reduction maneuvers for the management of glenohumeral dislocations. There are several types of maneuvers that can be used for reduction of a dislocated shoulder, these maneuvers can be chosen according to the case of the affected individual, in addition to the preference and experience of the person who is going to perform the reduction maneuver. Imaging tests play an important role both at diagnosis and post-reduction to confirm reduction. KEY WORDS: shoulder, dislocation, techniques, reduction, conservative.