Trichoderma atrobrunneum: In vitro analysis of exoenzyme activity and antagonistic potential against plant pathogen from agricultural fields in the Patna region, India

THE SCIENTIFIC TEMPER Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI:10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.1.01

Firdaus Benazir, R. Mohanka, S. Rehan, Rehan Ahmad

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Abstract

Background: Fungi and oomycetes continue to be the primary source of plant diseases, which cause major crop loss factors in agriculture. Trichoderma is a genus of ascomycete fungus that lives in soil and is known for its ecological significance as a bio-fungicide. Aim: The current study aimed to assess and contrast the antagonism and exoenzyme activity of Trichoderma isolates against Pythium sp., which causes damping-off and root rot diseases on tomato plants. Trichoderma spp. was isolated from rhizospheric soil of healthy plants in the agricultural fields of Patna, Bihar district, India. Methodology: The Trichoderma isolates were evaluated for their suitability as antagonists by in vitro dual culture and non-volatile assay. Results: The results showed that the isolated Trichoderma species were effectively reduced the growth of Pythium sp. in the dual culture assay and non-volatile metabolites (12.5%, 25% and 50% v/v concentration) assay. Trichoderma atrobrunneum effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium sp. both in the dual culture (81.48%) and non-volatile metabolite assay (71.37%). Followed by Trichoderma harzianum (79.01% and 58.82%), and Trichoderma asperellum (65.43% and 50.58%) respectively. Exoenzyme activities of the Trichoderma isolates were also investigated. The antagonistic Trichoderma atrobrunneum exhibited maximum activities of β-1,3-glucanase (41.39 U/ml) and chitinase (33.06 U/ml) in comparison to T. harzianum and T. asperellum. The capacity of antagonism is enhanced by the production of the enzyme. Based on the above results, it can be said that the non-volatile metabolites and the exoenzyme of the antagonist T. species act synergistically in inhibiting Pythium growth. Conclusion: The secretion of enzymes by Trichoderma species shows that they can be used in plant disease control as novel biocontrol agents as well as to produce enzymes in biotechnological processes.

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根瘤毛霉：体外分析外酶活性和对印度巴特那地区农田中植物病原体的拮抗潜力

背景：真菌和卵菌仍然是植物病害的主要来源，是造成农业作物损失的主要因素。目的：本研究旨在评估和对比毛霉菌分离物对番茄植株上引起潮湿和根腐病的 Pythium sp.的拮抗作用和外酶活性。从印度比哈尔邦巴特那农田中健康植物的根瘤土壤中分离出毛霉菌属：方法：通过体外双重培养和非挥发性检测，评估分离出的毛霉菌作为拮抗剂的适宜性：结果表明，在双重培养试验和非挥发性代谢物（12.5%、25% 和 50% v/v 浓度）试验中，分离出的毛霉菌种有效地降低了 Pythium sp.在双重培养试验（81.48%）和非挥发性代谢物试验（71.37%）中，Trichoderma atrobrunneum 都能有效抑制 Pythium sp.其次是哈茨真菌（79.01% 和 58.82%）和赤霉菌（65.43% 和 50.58%）。此外，还研究了毛霉分离物的外酶活性。与 T. harzianum 和 T. asperellum 相比，拮抗毛霉 atrobrunneum 的 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（41.39 U/ml）和几丁质酶（33.06 U/ml）活性最高。酶的产生增强了拮抗能力。根据上述结果，可以说拮抗剂 T. 菌种的非挥发性代谢产物和外酵素在抑制 Pythium 生长方面起着协同作用：毛霉分泌的酶表明，它们可作为新型生物控制剂用于植物病害控制，也可在生物技术过程中生产酶。

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