Chitosan and Its Derivative-Based Nanoparticles in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Promising Anticancer Strategies

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Zahra Shokati Eshkiki, Fatemeh Mansouri, Amir Reza Karamzadeh, Abolfazl Namazi, Hafez Heydari, Javad Akhtari, Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian, Abolfazl Akbari
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Abstract

Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant health concern as the existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, exhibit considerable drawbacks, including a high probability of recurrence, insufficient drug specificity, and severe adverse effects. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches and enhanced tissue-specific targeting are required. Nanomedicine is a field of medicine that uses nanoscale carriers for targeting and administering drugs or diagnostic agents to particular tissues. In the field of nanomedicine, chitosan nanoparticles are well-established delivery technologies used as polymeric carriers. Chitosan is a natural carbohydrate that is biocompatible, biodegradable, polycationic, and mucoadhesive. Chitosan has shown promise in the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, gene therapy, and immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. The limited water solubility of chitosan is one of its major disadvantages as a drug delivery system. Thus, solubility may be increased by chemically treating chitosan. Chitosan derivatives improve the activity, selectivity, biocompatibility, and therapeutic dose reduction of anticancer drugs when used in hydrogel, emulsion, surfactant formulations, and nanoformulation. Chitosan and its derivatives have shown effectiveness in nanoparticle production and exhibit unique surface properties, enabling them to interact selectively with gastrointestinal tumors through both active and passive targeting mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular signaling pathways of chitosan nanoparticles and their derivatives as potential anticancer agents. The potential of future chitosan applications in gastrointestinal cancers is additionally highlighted.

Abstract Image

壳聚糖及其衍生物纳米粒子在胃肠道癌症中的应用:分子作用机制与前景看好的抗癌策略
胃肠道癌症是一个重大的健康问题,因为现有的治疗方法,如手术、化疗和放疗,都存在相当大的缺陷,包括复发概率高、药物特异性不足和严重的不良反应。因此,需要新的治疗方法和更强的组织特异性靶向治疗。纳米医学是利用纳米级载体对特定组织进行靶向给药或诊断的医学领域。在纳米医学领域,壳聚糖纳米颗粒是一种成熟的聚合物载体给药技术。壳聚糖是一种天然碳水化合物,具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、多阳离子性和粘附性。壳聚糖在治疗胃肠道癌症的化疗药物给药、基因治疗和免疫治疗方面已显示出良好的前景。作为一种给药系统,壳聚糖的水溶性有限是其主要缺点之一。因此,可以通过对壳聚糖进行化学处理来提高其溶解性。壳聚糖衍生物用于水凝胶、乳液、表面活性剂制剂和纳米制剂时,可提高抗癌药物的活性、选择性、生物相容性并减少治疗剂量。壳聚糖及其衍生物在纳米颗粒生产中显示出了有效性,并表现出独特的表面特性,使其能够通过主动和被动靶向机制与胃肠道肿瘤发生选择性相互作用。本综述重点探讨壳聚糖纳米粒子及其衍生物作为潜在抗癌剂的分子信号传导途径。此外,还强调了壳聚糖未来在胃肠道癌症中的应用潜力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
226
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics provides a forum for clinicians, pharmacists and pharmacologists to explore and report on issues of common interest. Reports and commentaries on current issues in medical and pharmaceutical practice are encouraged. Papers on evidence-based clinical practice and multidisciplinary collaborative work are particularly welcome. Regular sections in the journal include: editorials, commentaries, reviews (including systematic overviews and meta-analyses), original research and reports, and book reviews. Its scope embraces all aspects of clinical drug development and therapeutics, including: Rational therapeutics Evidence-based practice Safety, cost-effectiveness and clinical efficacy of drugs Drug interactions Clinical impact of drug formulations Pharmacogenetics Personalised, stratified and translational medicine Clinical pharmacokinetics.
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