The science behind the nose: correlating volatile organic compound characterization with canine biodetection of COVID-19

M. Charles, Dorota Ruszkiewicz, Eric J Eckbo, Elizabeth Bryce, T. Zurberg, Austin Meister, L. Aksu, Leonardo Navas, Renelle Myers
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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stimulated the advancement and research in the field of canine scent detection of COVID-19 and volatile organic compound (VOC) breath sampling. It remains unclear which VOCs are associated with positive canine alerts. This study aimed to confirm that the training aids used for COVID-19 canine scent detection were indeed releasing discriminant COVID-19 VOCs detectable and identifiable by gas chromatography (GC-MS).Inexperienced dogs (two Labradors and one English Springer Spaniel) were trained over 19 weeks to discriminate between COVID-19 infected and uninfected individuals and then independently validated. Getxent® tubes, impregnated with the odours from clinical gargle samples, used during the canines’ maintenance training process were also analysed using GC-MS.Three dogs were successfully trained to detect COVID-19. A PCA-X model was created and confirmed the ability to discriminate between VOCs from positive and negative COVID-19 Getxent® tubes with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 77%. Two VOCs were found to be very predictive of positive COVID-19 cases. When comparing the dogs with GC-MS, F1 and MCC correlation scores of 0.69 and 0.37, were observed respectively, demonstrating good concordance between the two methods.This study provides analytical confirmation that canine training aids can be safely and reliably produced with good discrimination between positive samples and negative controls. It is also a further step towards better understanding of canine odour discrimination of COVID-19 as the scent of interest and defining what VOC elements the canines interpret as “essential”.
鼻子背后的科学:将挥发性有机化合物特征与犬类对 COVID-19 的生物检测联系起来
SARS-CoV-2 大流行促进了 COVID-19 犬类气味检测和挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 呼气采样领域的发展和研究。目前仍不清楚哪些挥发性有机化合物与警犬的阳性警报有关。这项研究旨在确认用于 COVID-19 犬类气味检测的训练辅助工具确实能释放出通过气相色谱法 (GC-MS) 检测和识别的 COVID-19 VOC。此外,还使用 GC-MS 分析了犬类维护训练过程中使用的浸有临床漱口水样本气味的 Getxent® 管。建立的 PCA-X 模型证实,该模型能够区分来自阳性和阴性 COVID-19 Getxent® 管的挥发性有机化合物,灵敏度为 78%,特异度为 77%。发现有两种挥发性有机化合物对 COVID-19 阳性病例具有很高的预测性。这项研究通过分析证实,可以安全可靠地生产犬类训练辅助用品,并能很好地区分阳性样本和阴性对照。这项研究还进一步加深了人们对 COVID-19 作为相关气味的警犬气味分辨能力的了解,并确定了警犬将哪些挥发性有机化合物元素视为 "必需"。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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