Development of an IoT-based firefighting drone for enhanced safety and efficiency in fire suppression

Nusrat Jahan, Tawab Bin Maleque Niloy, Jannatul Fahima Silvi, Mahdi Hasan, Ishrat Jahan Nashia, Riasat Khan
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Abstract

An uncontrolled fire poses severe threats to both humans and the environment, making firefighting a perilous and complex task. Traditional fire suppression methods are inefficient, costly, and without thorough testing, leading to delays in gaining control over fire outbreaks. This paper presents a novel firefighting drone aimed at mitigating risks to firefighters by extinguishing fires and providing real-time imaging, gas concentration and fire location data monitoring. The proposed intelligent quadcopter utilizes the Pixhawk PX4 microcontroller for precise control and the Pixhawk Telemetry system for data processing. The proposed device is constructed from an ultra-strength S500 Quadcopter frame, NodeMCU, Arduino Nano, various gas sensors, a servo motor to extinguish the fire and a camera to detect fire events in real time. Equipped with an FPV camera and a video transmitter, it transmits live video feed to the ground, enabling efficient navigation using the Flysky I6X controller. The intended position and height of the drone are controlled using an adaptive optimization technique known as fuzzy-based backstepping control. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the device by collecting and analyzing gas emissions data from controlled burns of various materials. The drone successfully measured concentrations of CO, CO2, O3, SO2, and NO2 in affected areas, providing valuable insights for firefighting operations. Different levels of gases have been measured depending on the concentration from burning alcohol, clothes, plastic materials, paper, leaves, and so on. The novelty of this work lies in the development and comprehensive analysis of an IoT-based firefighting drone conducting extensive real-time experiments.
开发基于物联网的消防无人机,提高灭火的安全性和效率
不受控制的火灾会对人类和环境造成严重威胁,因此灭火是一项危险而复杂的任务。传统的灭火方法效率低、成本高,而且没有经过全面测试,导致无法及时控制火情。本文介绍了一种新型消防无人机,旨在通过灭火和提供实时成像、气体浓度和火灾位置数据监控来降低消防员的风险。拟议的智能四旋翼无人机利用 Pixhawk PX4 微控制器进行精确控制,并利用 Pixhawk 遥测系统进行数据处理。拟议的设备由一个超强度 S500 四旋翼飞行器框架、NodeMCU、Arduino Nano、各种气体传感器、一个用于灭火的伺服电机和一个用于实时检测火灾事件的摄像头组成。它配备了一个 FPV 摄像机和一个视频发射器,可向地面传输实时视频信号,并使用 Flysky I6X 控制器实现高效导航。无人机的预定位置和高度是通过一种自适应优化技术(即基于模糊的反步进控制)来控制的。本文通过收集和分析各种材料受控燃烧时的气体排放数据,展示了该设备的有效性。无人机成功测量了受影响区域的 CO、CO2、O3、SO2 和 NO2 浓度,为消防行动提供了宝贵的见解。根据酒精、衣服、塑料材料、纸张、树叶等燃烧产生的不同浓度,测量出了不同浓度的气体。这项工作的创新之处在于开发和全面分析了基于物联网的消防无人机,并进行了大量实时实验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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