Population monitoring of gene pool breeds of cattle as a basis for biodiversity conservation

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of the state of domestic cattle breeds for dairy production over five years was carried out, which allows us to determine changes in the composition of the livestock and predict the state of the breeds in conditions of preserving their gene pool. Information and analytical studies obtained in yearbooks on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation (2017–2021). Such indicators as the number of dairy cattle, the number of farms, and the regional breeding of breeds were considered. According to data for 2021, the genetic resources of dairy cattle breeding are 52.0%, represented by domestic breeds. The black-and-white breed has the largest share (42.35%), and the Tagil breed has the most minor (0.005%). Using the coefficient of livestock variability, trends towards increasing, decreasing, or maintaining stability in the number of cows are shown. His imprisonment indicators ranged from -125.02 (decrease in population) to +0.11 (increase in population). Calculation of effective development and the level of inbreeding makes it possible to predict the state of the gene pool for the current period. Thus, mountain cattle of Dagestan, red Gorbatovskaya, Suksunskaya, and Sychevskaya breeds with the participation of bulls (1–3 heads) have low indicators of effective development efficiency - 4.0–11.9 heads, the expected average inbreeding coefficient for generating a result is from 5.62 to 16.67%. The development efficiency indicator for all other breeds was at a sufficient level - 76.0–975.6 heads, and the inbreeding coefficient per generation was from 0.07 to 0.88%.