Typology Study of Human Development Index of Selected Cities in Bali, Indonesia during 2010-2021

Abstract

According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Human Development Index (HDI) is a process of empowerment that enhances the basic capabilities of individuals to participate in the development process. As a tourist city, Bali has the potential to develop this area. The HDI can be used to evaluate the success of improving the community's quality of life. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bali ranks among Indonesia's top 5 provinces with the highest HDI. This study aims to identify the typology of the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021 and analyze the influence of credit distribution growth, tourism sector gross regional domestic product (GRDP), minimum wage, and economic development on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021. BPS and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) data were analyzed using panel data regression methods. The study results show one district/city with a high HDI and credit distribution growth and four districts/cities with a high HDI and minimum wage. The study also found that credit distribution growth and economic growth had no significant effect on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021, while the tourism sector GRDP and minimum wage had a significant effect on the HDI of districts/cities in Bali from 2010 to 2021.