Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of norovirus in the Brazilian Amazon: description of recombinant genotypes and improvement of evolutionary analysis

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI:10.1590/S1678-9946202466022

Jonaia Novaes da Costa, J. A. M. Siqueira, Dielle Monteiro Teixeira, P. S. Lobo, S. F. Guerra, Isadora Monteiro Souza, Bruna Trindade Moreira Cardoso, Luana Silva Soares Farias, H. R. Resque, Y. Gabbay, L. D. Silva

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Noroviruses are highly infectious, genetically diverse viruses. Global outbreaks occur frequently, making molecular surveillance important for infection monitoring. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to monitor cases of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Brazilian Amazon. Fecal samples were tested by immunoenzymatic assay, RT-PCR and genetic sequencing for the ORF1/ORF2 and protease regions. Bayesian inference with a molecular clock was employed to construct the phylogeny. The norovirus prevalence was 25.8%, with a higher positivity rate among children aged 0-24 months. Genogroup GII accounted for 98.1% of the sequenced samples, while GI accounted for 1.9% of them. The GII.P16/GII.4 genotype was the most prevalent, with an evolution rate of 2.87x10−3 and TMRCA estimated in 2012. This study demonstrates that norovirus is a primary causative agent of gastroenteritis and provides data on viral genetic diversity that may facilitate infection surveillance and vaccine development.

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巴西亚马逊地区诺如病毒的流行病学和分子监测：重组基因型的描述和进化分析的改进

摘要诺如病毒是一种传染性强、基因多样的病毒。全球疫情爆发频繁，因此分子监测对感染监控非常重要。这项横断面描述性研究旨在监测巴西亚马逊地区的诺如病毒肠胃炎病例。粪便样本通过免疫酶测定、RT-PCR 和基因测序对 ORF1/ORF2 和蛋白酶区域进行了检测。贝叶斯推断法和分子钟被用来构建系统发育。诺如病毒的感染率为 25.8%，0-24 个月儿童的阳性率较高。基因组GII占测序样本的98.1%，GI占1.9%。GII.P16/GII.4基因型最为流行，其进化率为2.87x10-3，TMRCA估计发生在2012年。这项研究表明，诺如病毒是肠胃炎的主要致病菌，并提供了病毒基因多样性的数据，有助于感染监测和疫苗开发。

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Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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