Malaria in a vulnerable population living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study from 2005-2020

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI:10.1590/S1678-9946202466025

Beatriz Costa Ribeiro, Carla Gisele R Garcia, Lilian Jéssica Passos Lima, João F. Guerreiro, M. Póvoa, Maristela G. Cunha

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.

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巴西亚马逊地区生活在前逃亡黑奴残余社区的弱势人群中的疟疾：2005-2020 年横断面研究

摘要 Quilombo 遗留社区是巴西政府正式承认的历史社区，由以前的奴隶建立。这些社区大多位于巴西亚马逊地区的疟疾流行区。我们回顾性地描述了生活在帕拉州巴奥市和奥里克西米纳市 32 个公认的棉被遗存社区中的人的疟疾发病率。我们分析了巴西疟疾监测系统（SIVEP-Malaria）在 2005 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间记录的疟疾病例数和年度寄生虫病发病率（API）。我们发现，在这 16 年间，所有社区都登记了至少一个病例，最常见的寄生虫种类是间日疟原虫（76.1%）。在此期间，帕拉州登记的疟疾病例中有 0.44%（4,470/1,008,714）是在这些quilombo残余社区报告的，其中在Baiao市和Oriximina市的发病率分别为10.9%（856/7,859）和39.1%（3,614/9,238），这表明生活在这些农村社区的人可能会感染疟疾。这些数据表明，有效的监测需要改进措施，以确定生活在巴西亚马逊地区quilombo残余社区的易感人群中的疟疾传播情况。

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Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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