Oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation in patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Aim. To compare the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Material and methods. We searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2022 for studies that compared DOACs with VKAs in patients with AF and stage 4 and 5 CKD. The patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) search strategy was used. Data were extracted by independent researchers and meta-analyzed.Results. A total of 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis. In terms of effectiveness, DOACs were comparable to VKAs. In terms of safety, DOACs and VKAs also had no statistical differences in hemorrhagic stroke, minor/gastrointestinal bleeding, overall mortality, but there was statistical significance in major bleeding. Conclusion. In terms of efficacy and safety, in general, DOACs were comparable to VKAs, but there were a number of following differences: the administration of DOACs to patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD, as well as those on hemodialysis, was accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of major bleedings, compared with warfarin therapy.