A Review on Plant Taxonomy

Abstract

The Identification and naming of plants has attracted a lot of attention throughout history. The science that investigates, identifies, describes, naming of the plant and classifies all plants. Plant taxonomy includes the description of the variation of plants, the observation  of the characters like morphological, anatomical and phylogenic characters of the plants, variation, comparison and the manipulation of the data obtained from the previous information/ data is useful to arrange plants in a system of classification. The 3 aspects of the taxonomy are Identification, Nomenclature, classification are the main activates of the taxonomy. Taxonomy means law full arrangement of plants and it is a process of grouping the plants and other organisms. In ancient days  plants  the classification of plants was very easier and the classification of made by taking consideration of one or two morphological characters which is known as artificial classification but in course of time the classification of plants underwent many medications were taken place because of technological development. But end the end of 19th century the system of classification based on external morphological characters especially based on floral characters because floral characters are stable when compare to morphological characters while growth of the plants, this system of classification is classical/ alpha taxonomy. In course of time the classification of organisms/plants taken consideration of the multiple allied disciplines like the evidences from Anatomy, Embryology, Palynology, Cytology and Genetics.  This type of classification is used to resolve taxonomic problems in addition to morphology this classification special significance which is called as biosystematics.  Of course an insufficient number of experts, and the instability of phenotypes, which are easily affected by environmental factors, made this classification meet difficulties. With the advent evidences of the fields of phylogenetic, cladistics, experimental botanical gardens, field study, herbariums, keys, museums, computers and systematics, the artificial classification  have progressed to a system of modern/ Phylogenic system of biological classification based on consideration of the evolutionary relationships between organisms and both biotic and abiotic factors. Here, I discussed the history of Identification, nomenclature classification and its different systems, for the identification of plants, the development of various molecular techniques that generate molecular markers has made it possible to accurately identify plants. Here I referred the reviews which gives information of the modern techniques and traditional methods that can be used for identification plant species through genotypic studies based on DNA barcoding.