Insecticidal and fungicidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Atta sexdens colonies

H. S. S. Pinheiro, Vancleber Batista dos Santos, Edson José Santana dos Santos, G. Rolim, Í. T. B. F. Santos, Lucas Kauan Nascimento de Santana, Maria de Fátima Souza dos Santos de Oliveira, Júlio Césae Melo Poderoso, Paulo César de Lima Nogueira, L. Bacci, G. T. Ribeiro
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Abstract

Leafcutter ants are one of the most destructive and economically important herbivores in both forest and agricultural crops, due to their abundance and wide distribution. The most used method for controlling this pest is still through synthetic formicides, due to their high efficiency. However, essential oils represent an alternative, as they are biodegradable and selective and have a toxic effect on a wide range of organisms, including leafcutter ants. The combination of insecticidal activity of a product and possible fungicidal activity constitutes an effective strategy against these insect pests, since both agents of this mutualistic interaction (both organisms are benefited) are affected, ensuring quicker collapse of the colony. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal and fungicidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil applied on Atta sexdens colonies under laboratory conditions. A nebulized spray system with three concentrations (15, 30 and 60%) and a control treatment were used to evaluate the effect of C. citratus on A. sexdens colonies. The C. citratus essential oils showed both insecticidal activity against the leafcutter ants (A. sexdens) and fungicidal activity against their symbiotic fungi. Colonies exposed to this essential oil showed considerable reduction in the weight of fungal mass, and mortality of both the queen and worker ants, which proves to be promising for the development of new insecticides for management of this insect pest.
香蒲精油对 Atta sexdens 菌落的杀虫和杀菌活性
由于数量大、分布广,切叶蚁是森林和农作物中最具破坏性和经济价值的食草动物之一。由于人工合成杀螨剂的高效性,目前最常用的方法仍然是人工合成杀螨剂。然而,精油是一种替代方法,因为精油具有生物降解性和选择性,对包括切叶蚁在内的多种生物都有毒性作用。将产品的杀虫活性和可能的杀真菌活性结合起来,是对付这些害虫的有效策略,因为这种互惠互利的相互作用(两种生物都受益)中的两种媒介都会受到影响,从而确保蚁群更快地崩溃。本研究的目的是评估柠檬香蒲精油在实验室条件下对 Atta sexdens 群体的杀虫和杀菌活性。研究使用了三种浓度(15%、30% 和 60%)的雾化喷洒系统和对照处理来评估柠檬香精油对 A. sexdens 群体的影响。C. citratus 精油对切叶蚁(A. sexdens)具有杀虫活性,对其共生真菌具有杀菌活性。接触过这种精油的蚁群显示出真菌质量显著减少,蚁后和工蚁的死亡率也显著降低,这证明有望开发出新的杀虫剂来控制这种害虫。
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