Cooled Spray Technology for Particulate Reduction in a Heavy-Duty Engine

Adam Klingbeil, Tristen Tinar, Scott Ellis
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Abstract

Cooled Spray (CS) technology passively reduces particulate matter emissions from diesel engines compared to non-CS-equipped diesel engines. CS inserts are mounted near the injector nozzle and control mixing so that the fuel and air can premix while limiting combustion near fuel-rich zones, thereby reducing formation of particulate matter. CS components contain no moving parts and could be installed as a retrofit or built into new engines. However, CS technology is early in its development and further investigations are needed to understand the overall performance implications and practicality of the technology. In this paper, we investigate several important aspects of CS, providing a clearer picture of some challenges and potential benefits of CS. Two alignment techniques are used to characterize measurement ease and bias, namely an optical alignment and spray-plug impact alignment. While the optical technique facilitates alignment more easily, a bias was measured between the optical and spray-plug techniques, suggesting the optical technique may have insufficient accuracy without additional corrections. We also evaluate engine performance of a well-aligned and poorly aligned CS insert, compared to the baseline configuration. The poorly aligned insert shows slower combustion than the baseline and mixed overall performance. However, the well-aligned insert shows faster combustion than the baseline and PM emission reduction at most operating conditions with some conditions showing PM reduction up to 80%. The results of this paper highlight the alignment challenges of CS technology as well as the potential PM reduction benefit of the technology.
用于减少重型发动机微粒的冷却喷雾技术
与未配备冷却喷雾(CS)技术的柴油发动机相比,冷却喷雾(CS)技术可被动地减少柴油发动机的颗粒物排放。希尔思插件安装在喷油器喷嘴附近,可控制混合,使燃料和空气能够预混合,同时限制富燃料区附近的燃烧,从而减少颗粒物的形成。希尔思组件不含活动部件,可作为改装件安装或内置到新发动机中。不过,希尔思技术还处于开发初期,需要进一步研究以了解该技术的整体性能影响和实用性。在本文中,我们将对希尔思的几个重要方面进行研究,从而更清楚地了解希尔思的一些挑战和潜在优势。我们使用了两种对准技术来描述测量的难易程度和偏差,即光学对准和喷塞冲击对准。虽然光学技术更容易对准,但在光学技术和喷塞技术之间还是测出了偏差,这表明光学技术在没有额外修正的情况下可能不够精确。与基线配置相比,我们还评估了对准良好和对准不良的希尔思插件的发动机性能。与基线配置相比,对齐不良的插入式发动机燃烧速度较慢,整体性能参差不齐。然而,对齐良好的内燃机燃烧速度比基线配置快,在大多数运行条件下可减少 PM 排放,某些条件下可减少 PM 高达 80%。本文的结果凸显了希尔思技术的对准挑战以及该技术在减少 PM 方面的潜在优势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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