Sugarcane Water Productivity for Bioethanol, Sugar and Biomass under Deficit Irrigation

F. S. Barbosa, Rubens Duarte Coelho, T. H. Barros, J. V. Lizcano, E. F. Fraga Júnior, L. C. Santos, D.P.V. Leal, N. L. Ribeiro, J. Costa
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Abstract

Knowledge of how certain crops respond to water stress is one of the prerequisites for choosing the best variety and best management practices to maximize crop water productivity (WPc). The selection of a more efficient protocol for managing irrigation depths throughout the cultivation cycle and in the maturation process at the end of the growth period for each sugarcane variety can maximize bioethanol productivity and WPc for bioethanol, sugar and biomass, in addition to the total energy captured by the sugarcane canopy in the form of dry biomass. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four irrigation depths and four water deficit intensities on the maturation phase for eight sugarcane varieties under drip irrigation, analyzing the responses related to WPc for bioethanol, sugar and biomass. These experiments were conducted at the University of São Paulo. The plots were positioned in three randomized blocks, and the treatments were distributed in a factorial scheme (4 × 8 × 4). The treatments involved eight commercial varieties of sugarcane and included four water replacement levels and four water deficits of increasing intensity in the final phase of the crop season. It was found that for each variety of sugarcane, there was an optimal combination of irrigation management strategies throughout the cycle and during the maturation process. The RB966928 variety resulted in the best industrial bioethanol yield (68.7 L·Mg−1), WPc for bioethanol (0.97 L·m−3) and WPc for sugar (1.71 kg·m−3). The energy of the aerial parts partitioned as sugar had a direct positive correlation with the availability of water in the soil for all varieties. The RB931011 variety showed the greatest potential for converting water into shoots with an energy of 1.58 GJ·ha−1·mm−1, while the NCo376 variety had the lowest potential at 1.32 GJ·ha−1·mm−1. The productivity of first-generation bioethanol had the highest values per unit of planted area for the greatest water volumes applied and transpired by each variety; this justifies keeping soil moisture at field capacity until harvesting time only for WR100 water replacement level with a maximum ethanol potential of 13.27 m3·ha−1.
缺水灌溉条件下生物乙醇、糖和生物质的甘蔗水分生产率
了解某些作物如何应对水分胁迫是选择最佳品种和最佳管理方法以最大限度提高作物水分生产率(WPc)的先决条件之一。在甘蔗的整个栽培周期和生长末期的成熟过程中,为每个甘蔗品种选择更有效的灌溉深度管理方案,可以最大限度地提高生物乙醇生产率和生物乙醇、糖和生物质的 WPc,以及甘蔗冠层以干生物质形式捕获的总能量。本研究旨在评估滴灌条件下四种灌溉深度和四种缺水强度对八个甘蔗品种成熟期的影响,分析与生物乙醇、糖和生物量 WPc 相关的反应。这些实验在圣保罗大学进行。试验小区分为三个随机区块,处理采用因子方案(4 × 8 × 4)。处理涉及八个甘蔗商业品种,包括四个水分替代水平和四个在作物季节最后阶段强度不断增加的缺水。结果发现,对每个甘蔗品种而言,在整个周期和成熟过程中都有最佳的灌溉管理策略组合。RB966928 品种的工业生物乙醇产量(68.7 L-Mg-1)、生物乙醇 WPc(0.97 L-m-3)和糖 WPc(1.71 kg-m-3)均为最佳。对所有品种而言,气生部分分配为糖的能量与土壤中的水分供应量直接呈正相关。RB931011 品种将水分转化为芽的潜力最大,能量为 1.58 GJ-ha-1-mm-1,而 NCo376 品种的潜力最小,为 1.32 GJ-ha-1-mm-1。在各品种施水量和蒸腾量最大的情况下,第一代生物乙醇的单位种植面积生产率值最高;这说明只有在 WR100 水替代水平(乙醇潜力最大为 13.27 m3-ha-1)下,土壤水分在收获前保持在田间容量水平是合理的。
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