Correlates of early sex debut among adolescents and young women: A National cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Early sexual debut among adolescents and young women may predispose them to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. In Kenya, this consequently results in education discontinuation hence poverty levitation. Sexual debut has been studied in relation to HIV, school programs or review of demographic and health surveys. We report correlates of early sexual debut among women aged 15-24 years from a household-based survey in Kenya. Methods Performance, Monitoring for Action (PMA) is a cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage cluster design with urban-rural stratification. The sampling was done at the county level using probability proportional to size to select 11 counties and enumeration areas (EAs) achieving 308 EAs. Interviews were conducted from 35 randomly selected households, from which the eligible women were also interviewed. Descriptive statistics were generated to determine the social demographic characteristics of respondents, and bivariate analysis for the correlation of independent variables and early sexual debut. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between social demographic characteristics and early sexual debut among women of 15-24 years old. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 3,706 women were interviewed, and about 1 in 100 (10.2%) of the respondents reported having ever engaged in sexual intercourse before the age of 16 years. Educational level, ever-given birth, contraceptive use and wealth status were found to be statistically associated with early sexual initiation in Kenya. Women who reported having ever given birth had higher odds of early sexual initiation (AOR 2.36, 95% CI, 1.51-3.68, p<0.005) than those who have never given birth. Respondents who were contraceptive users were 1.4 times more likely (AOR 1.39, 95% CI, 1.01-1.90, p<0.001) to have experienced early sex debut than non-users. Conclusions Several individual factors influence early sexual debut, and hence interventions at the policy and program levels are required.