Neuropsychological functioning of pediatric patients with long COVID.

J. Luedke, Gray Vargas, D. Jashar, Laura A Malone, Amanda K Morrow, Rowena Ng
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Abstract

Objective: To determine the neurocognitive profile for youth with long COVID presenting with cognitive concerns. Method: This study is a case series of 54 pediatric patients (65% female, Mage = 13.48, SDage = 3.10, 5-19) with long COVID who were referred for neuropsychological testing from a post-COVID-19 multidisciplinary clinic. The outcomes of interest were neuropsychological test scores and parent ratings of mood, attention, and executive functioning. The percentage of patients with neuropsychological test scores below the 9th percentile (below average range) and those with at-risk or clinically significant scores (T-scores > 59) on parent-informant inventories were computed. Results: A portion of children with long COVID showed weaknesses in sustained attention (29%) and divided attention (35%). This portion of patients did not significantly differ when comparing patients with and without pre-existing attention and mood concerns. A high percentage of parents reported at-risk to clinically significant concerns for cognitive regulation (53%), depression (95%), anxiety (85%), and inattention (66%) on standardized questionnaires. Conclusions: The present case series showed that approximately a third of children with long COVID demonstrate objective weaknesses on sustained and divided attention tasks but were largely intact in other domains of neuropsychological functioning. Importantly, children with long COVID had similar difficulties in attention, regardless of pre-existing attention or mood concerns. Parents reported high rates of mood, anxiety, and executive functioning difficulties which likely impact daily functioning. Attention and emotional regulation should be closely monitored and treated as necessary in pediatric patients with long COVID to aid functional recovery.
长程COVID儿科患者的神经心理功能。
目的确定出现认知问题的长期 COVID 青少年的神经认知概况。研究方法:本研究是一项病例系列研究,涉及 54 名患有长 COVID 的儿科患者(65% 为女性,平均年龄 = 13.48 岁,平均年龄 = 3.10 岁,5-19 岁),他们都是从 COVID-19 后多学科诊所转诊来进行神经心理学测试的。研究结果包括神经心理测试得分以及家长对情绪、注意力和执行功能的评分。我们计算了神经心理学测试得分低于第 9 百分位数(低于平均范围)的患者比例,以及在家长告发清单中得分处于风险或具有临床意义(T 值大于 59)的患者比例。结果显示部分患有长COVID的儿童在持续注意力(29%)和分散注意力(35%)方面存在缺陷。这部分患儿在与原有注意力和情绪问题的患儿比较时没有明显差异。很高比例的家长在标准化问卷调查中表示,他们对认知调节(53%)、抑郁(95%)、焦虑(85%)和注意力不集中(66%)等问题有临床意义。结论本病例系列显示,约有三分之一的长期 COVID 患儿在持续注意和分散注意任务中表现出客观弱点,但在神经心理功能的其他领域却基本正常。重要的是,无论之前是否存在注意力或情绪问题,患有长时注意力缺陷症的儿童在注意力方面都存在类似的困难。据家长报告,情绪、焦虑和执行功能障碍的发生率很高,这很可能会影响日常功能。对于患有长期COVID的儿童患者,应密切监测其注意力和情绪调节能力,并在必要时对其进行治疗,以帮助其恢复功能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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