A numerical study on energy transfer between near-inertial internal waves and super-inertial internal waves in the South China sea under the influence of a typhoon

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY
Shuqi Zhang , Zhiwu Chen , Haonan Wang , Jiexin Xu , Qian Zhang , Yuhan Sun , Yankun Gong , Shuqun Cai
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Abstract

The energy transfer between near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) and super-inertial internal waves (SIWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) after the passage of Typhoon Son-tinh was investigated on the basis of a three-dimensional numerical model. Our model nicely reproduces the spectral peak (6.6 × 10−2 m2 s−2 cpd−1) within the near-inertial frequency band, which agrees well with that (6.5 × 10−2 m2 s−2 cpd−1) in the in-situ observations at the Xisha mooring. Model results demonstrate that the energy transfer rate from NIWs (0.8f∼1.8f) to SIWs (>1.8f) within the mixed layer in the wake of typhoon Son-tinh is an order of magnitude larger than that during the typhoon-free period. Analogously, the super-inertial shear variance increases by nearly an order of magnitude as well. The increase in the energy of SIWs is mainly due to the energy cascade of NIWs through the nonlinear wave-wave interaction. The interaction between NIWs and SIWs was also revealed by the bicoherence spectrum. Compared with that on the left side of the typhoon track, the NIW kinetic energy on the right side is stronger, where the interaction between NIWs and SIWs is more intense. Several sensitivity experiments were designed to further investigate the effects of three typhoon parameters, namely the radius of maximum typhoon wind speed (Rmax), the maximum typhoon wind speed (Vmax) and the moving speed of typhoon (Um), on the energy transfer rate (ETR) from NIWs to SIWs. It is shown that, the ETR increases linearly with Rmax. Among three parameters, Vmax has the strongest effects on the ETR which grows in power with increasing Vmax. The ETR increases and then decreases with the enhancement of Um, which gets maximum when Um is about 6∼6.5 m/s. Overall, our results highlight the energy transfer between near-inertial internal waves and super-inertial internal waves under the influence of a typhoon.

台风影响下中国南海近惯性内波与超惯性内波之间能量传递的数值研究
基于三维数值模式研究了台风 "桑天 "过境后南海近惯性内波(NIW)和超惯性内波(SIW)之间的能量传递。我们的模型很好地再现了近惯性频带内的频谱峰值(6.6 × 10-2 m2 s-2 cpd-1),这与西沙系泊点现场观测的峰值(6.5 × 10-2 m2 s-2 cpd-1)非常吻合。模型结果表明,在台风 "桑天 "过后的混合层内,从近岸海面(0.8f∼1.8f)到近岸海面(>1.8f)的能量传输率比无台风期间大一个数量级。同样,超惯性切变也增加了近一个数量级。SIWs 能量的增加主要是由于 NIWs 通过非线性波浪相互作用产生的能量级联。双相干频谱也揭示了 NIW 和 SIW 之间的相互作用。与台风轨道左侧相比,台风轨道右侧的非线性波动能更强,非线性波和孤立波之间的相互作用也更强烈。为了进一步研究台风的三个参数,即最大台风风速半径(Rmax)、最大台风风速(Vmax)和台风移动速度(Um)对近地风向卫星风向的能量传递率(ETR)的影响,设计了几个敏感性实验。结果表明,ETR 随 Rmax 线性增加。在三个参数中,Vmax 对 ETR 的影响最大,其功率随 Vmax 的增加而增加。随着 Um 的增大,ETR 先增大后减小,当 Um 约为 6∼6.5 m/s 时,ETR 达到最大值。总之,我们的研究结果突出了台风影响下近惯性内波和超惯性内波之间的能量传递。
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来源期刊
Continental Shelf Research
Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.30%
发文量
136
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.
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