Costs of Air Pollution in California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Societal Perspective of the Burden of Asthma on Emergency Departments and Inpatient Care

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 ALLERGY

Journal of Asthma and Allergy Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.2147/jaa.s455745

Gilda Zarate-Gonzalez, Paul Brown, Ricardo Cisneros

{"title":"Costs of Air Pollution in California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Societal Perspective of the Burden of Asthma on Emergency Departments and Inpatient Care","authors":"Gilda Zarate-Gonzalez, Paul Brown, Ricardo Cisneros","doi":"10.2147/jaa.s455745","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) is often recognized as one of the most polluted regions in the US. Periods of pollution exposure are associated with increased health burden related to respiratory inflammation and undermined lung function, which aggravates respiratory diseases such as asthma and leads to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. Asthma costs US&dollar 82 billion annually in healthcare costs, missed work and school in the US. Methods: Employing a societal perspective, a cost of illness design was combined with environmental epidemiological methods to analyze the economic impact of O3, NO2, and PM2.5-related adverse respiratory health outcomes amongst SJV residents who attended the emergency department (ED) or were hospitalized in 2016. Results: Asthma exacerbations monetized value ranged from US&dollar 3353 to US&dollar 5003 per ED visit and for hospital admissions US&dollar 2584 per inpatient day for adults 65 years and older to US&dollar 3023 per child. The estimated value to society in healthcare costs, productivity losses, school absences, and opportunity costs from air pollution adverse health outcomes totaled US&dollar 498,014,124 in ED visits and US&dollar 223,552,720 in hospital admissions for the SJV population in 2016. The marginal reduction in the background concentrations of pollutants would avert 21,786 ED adverse events and 19,328 hospitalizations from the health burden on the SJV population or US&dollar 8,024,505 cost savings due to O3, US&dollar 82,482,683 from NO2 reductions, and US&dollar 46,214,702 from decreased concentration of PM2.5. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that air pollution is a negative externality that imposes substantial social, environmental, and healthcare costs on the SJV. Furthermore, the region would avert significant adverse health outcomes realizing economic savings by reducing air pollution and exposures. Keywords: health economics, air pollution, asthma, cost of illness, public health ","PeriodicalId":15079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Asthma and Allergy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/jaa.s455745","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) is often recognized as one of the most polluted regions in the US. Periods of pollution exposure are associated with increased health burden related to respiratory inflammation and undermined lung function, which aggravates respiratory diseases such as asthma and leads to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. Asthma costs US&dollar 82 billion annually in healthcare costs, missed work and school in the US.
Methods: Employing a societal perspective, a cost of illness design was combined with environmental epidemiological methods to analyze the economic impact of O₃, NO₂, and PM_2.5-related adverse respiratory health outcomes amongst SJV residents who attended the emergency department (ED) or were hospitalized in 2016.
Results: Asthma exacerbations monetized value ranged from US&dollar 3353 to US&dollar 5003 per ED visit and for hospital admissions US&dollar 2584 per inpatient day for adults 65 years and older to US&dollar 3023 per child. The estimated value to society in healthcare costs, productivity losses, school absences, and opportunity costs from air pollution adverse health outcomes totaled US&dollar 498,014,124 in ED visits and US&dollar 223,552,720 in hospital admissions for the SJV population in 2016. The marginal reduction in the background concentrations of pollutants would avert 21,786 ED adverse events and 19,328 hospitalizations from the health burden on the SJV population or US&dollar 8,024,505 cost savings due to O₃, US&dollar 82,482,683 from NO₂ reductions, and US&dollar 46,214,702 from decreased concentration of PM_2.5.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that air pollution is a negative externality that imposes substantial social, environmental, and healthcare costs on the SJV. Furthermore, the region would avert significant adverse health outcomes realizing economic savings by reducing air pollution and exposures.

Keywords: health economics, air pollution, asthma, cost of illness, public health

查看原文本刊更多论文

加州圣华金河谷空气污染的成本：从社会角度看哮喘给急诊科和住院治疗带来的负担

简介：圣华金河谷（SJV）通常被认为是美国污染最严重的地区之一。污染暴露期与呼吸道炎症和肺功能受损相关，会加重哮喘等呼吸道疾病，导致咳嗽、喘息或呼吸困难等症状。在美国，哮喘每年造成 820 亿美元的医疗费用、误工和误学损失：方法：采用社会视角，将疾病成本设计与环境流行病学方法相结合，分析2016年在急诊科（ED）就诊或住院的澳门博彩的网站居民中，与O3、NO2和PM2.5相关的不良呼吸系统健康后果的经济影响：每次急诊室就诊的哮喘加重货币化价值从 3353 美元到 5003 美元不等，住院治疗的货币化价值从 65 岁及以上成人每住院日 2584 美元到儿童每住院日 3023 美元不等。2016 年，澳门博彩的网站人口的医疗保健成本、生产力损失、缺课以及空气污染不利健康结果造成的机会成本等社会价值估计总计为：急诊室就诊 498,014,124 美元，住院 223,552,720 美元。污染物背景浓度的边际降低将避免 21,786 次急诊室不良事件和 19,328 次住院，从而减轻澳门博彩的网站人口的健康负担，或因 O3 降低而节省 8,024,505 美元的成本，因 NO2 降低而节省 82,482,683 美元的成本，因 PM2.5 浓度降低而节省 46,214,702 美元的成本：本研究提供的证据表明，空气污染是一种负面的外部效应，给圣荷西和圣马丁地区带来了巨大的社会、环境和医疗成本。此外，通过减少空气污染和暴露，该地区将避免严重的不良健康后果，实现经济节约。关键词：健康经济学、空气污染、哮喘、疾病成本、公共卫生

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Asthma and Allergy Medicine-Immunology and Allergy

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

6.20%

发文量

185

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： An international, peer-reviewed journal publishing original research, reports, editorials and commentaries on the following topics: Asthma; Pulmonary physiology; Asthma related clinical health; Clinical immunology and the immunological basis of disease; Pharmacological interventions and new therapies. Although the main focus of the journal will be to publish research and clinical results in humans, preclinical, animal and in vitro studies will be published where they shed light on disease processes and potential new therapies.