Mutations and intron polymorphisms in voltage-gated sodium channel genes of different geographic populations of Culex pipiens pallens/Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in China

IF 4.8 1区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Wenyu Li, Delong Ma, Qunzheng Mu, Xinxin Zhou, Dongdong Hua, Chunchun Zhao, Qiyong Liu, Jun Wang, Fengxia Meng
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Abstract

Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are the dominant species of Culex mosquitoes in China and important disease vectors. Long-term use of insecticides can cause mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene of mosquitoes, but little is known about the current status and evolutionary origins of vgsc gene in different geographic populations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the current status of vgsc genes in Cx. p. pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus in China and to investigate the evolutionary inheritance of neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene to determine the impact of insecticides on long-term evolution. Sampling was conducted from July to September 2021 in representative habitats of 22 provincial-level administrative divisions in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from 1308 mosquitoes, the IIS6 fragment of the vgsc gene on the nerve cell membrane was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and the sequence was used to evaluate allele frequency and knockdown resistance (kdr) frequency. MEGA 11 was used to construct neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. PopART was used to build a TCS network. There were 6 alleles and 6 genotypes at the L1014 locus, which included the wild-type alleles TTA/L and CTA/L and the mutant alleles TTT/F, TTC/F, TCT/S and TCA/S. The geographic populations with a kdr frequency less than 20.00% were mainly concentrated in the regions north of 38° N, and the geographic populations with a kdr frequency greater than 80.00% were concentrated in the regions south of 30° N. kdr frequency increased with decreasing latitude. And within the same latitude, the frequency of kdr in large cities is relatively high. Mutations were correlated with the number of introns. The mutant allele TCA/S has only one intron, the mutant allele TTT/F has three introns, and the wild-type allele TTA/L has 17 introns. Cx. p. pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus have developed resistance to insecticides in most regions of China. The neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene gradually decreased to one intron with the mutation of the vgsc gene. Mutations may originate from multiple mutation events rather than from a single origin, and populations lacking mutations may be genetically isolated.
中国不同地理种群库蚊电压门控钠通道基因的突变和内含子多态性
库蚊(Culex pipiens pallens)和库蚊(Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus)是中国库蚊的主要种类,也是重要的病媒。长期使用杀虫剂会导致蚊子的电压门控钠通道(vgsc)基因突变,但人们对不同地理种群中vgsc基因的现状和进化起源知之甚少。因此,本研究旨在确定中国Cx. p. pallens和Cx. p. quinquefasciatus中vgsc基因的现状,并调查vgsc基因邻近下游内含子的进化遗传,以确定杀虫剂对长期进化的影响。研究于2021年7月至9月在中国22个省级行政区的代表性栖息地采样。从1308只蚊子中提取基因组DNA,利用聚合酶链式反应扩增神经细胞膜上vgsc基因的IIS6片段,并利用序列评估等位基因频率和抗性基因敲除频率(kdr)。使用 MEGA 11 构建邻接树(NJ)。PopART 用于构建 TCS 网络。L1014 基因座上有 6 个等位基因和 6 个基因型,包括野生型等位基因 TTA/L 和 CTA/L,以及突变型等位基因 TTT/F、TTC/F、TCT/S 和 TCA/S。kdr频率小于20.00%的地理种群主要集中在北纬38°以北地区,kdr频率大于80.00%的地理种群主要集中在北纬30°以南地区。而在同一纬度上,大城市的 kdr 频率相对较高。突变与内含子的数量有关。突变等位基因 TCA/S 只有一个内含子,突变等位基因 TTT/F 有三个内含子,野生型等位基因 TTA/L 有 17 个内含子。Cx. p. pallens和Cx. p. quinquefasciatus在中国大部分地区对杀虫剂产生了抗药性。随着 vgsc 基因的突变,相邻的下游内含子逐渐减少为一个内含子。突变可能来自多个突变事件,而不是单一来源,缺乏突变的种群可能在遗传上是孤立的。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
16.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
368
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases of Poverty is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. It covers a wide range of topics and methods, including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies, and their application. The journal also explores the impact of transdisciplinary or multisectoral approaches on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technologies. It aims to provide a platform for the exchange of research and ideas that can contribute to the improvement of public health in resource-limited settings. In summary, Infectious Diseases of Poverty aims to address the urgent challenges posed by infectious diseases in impoverished populations. By publishing high-quality research in various areas, the journal seeks to advance our understanding of these diseases and contribute to the development of effective strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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