{"title":"Identification of Cyto- and Genotoxic Effects of Lunularic Acid in Allium cepa L. Root Tip Meristem Cells","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s009545272402004x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In this study, dose-dependent effects of lunularic acid (LA) on some physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters were investigated in <em>Allium cepa</em> L. bulbs. For this purpose, physiological parameters to be analyzed experimentally: germination percentage, root length, root number and fresh weight; cytogenetic parameters: micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI); biochemical parameters were determined as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and free proline (Pr) content. In addition, cross-sections were taken from the roots and structural changes in meristem cells were examined. Onion bulbs were divided into four groups as one control and three treatments. The bulbs of the control group were kept in cuvettes containing tap water and the bulbs of the treatment group were kept in cuvettes containing 1, 5 and 10 mM LA for 7 days. LA administrations caused a decrease in all investigated physiological parameter values, an increase in the frequency of MN and CAs, and reduce in MI compared to control group. In addition, LA application caused dose-related increases in CAT and SOD activities and MDA and Pr levels compared to control group. LA application promoted CAs such as sticky chromosome, spindle fiber damage, vagrant chromosome, reverse polarization in root meristem cells. After all LA applications, root anatomical structure changes such as epidermis cell deformations, flattened cell nucleus and unclear transmission tissue were observed and it was determined that these changes reached a maximum at 10 mM LA dose. As a result, it has been understood that high doses of LA promote multi-directional toxicity and the <em>Allium</em> test is a very reliable test in determining this toxicity.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":0,"journal":{"name":"","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s009545272402004x","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this study, dose-dependent effects of lunularic acid (LA) on some physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters were investigated in Allium cepa L. bulbs. For this purpose, physiological parameters to be analyzed experimentally: germination percentage, root length, root number and fresh weight; cytogenetic parameters: micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI); biochemical parameters were determined as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and free proline (Pr) content. In addition, cross-sections were taken from the roots and structural changes in meristem cells were examined. Onion bulbs were divided into four groups as one control and three treatments. The bulbs of the control group were kept in cuvettes containing tap water and the bulbs of the treatment group were kept in cuvettes containing 1, 5 and 10 mM LA for 7 days. LA administrations caused a decrease in all investigated physiological parameter values, an increase in the frequency of MN and CAs, and reduce in MI compared to control group. In addition, LA application caused dose-related increases in CAT and SOD activities and MDA and Pr levels compared to control group. LA application promoted CAs such as sticky chromosome, spindle fiber damage, vagrant chromosome, reverse polarization in root meristem cells. After all LA applications, root anatomical structure changes such as epidermis cell deformations, flattened cell nucleus and unclear transmission tissue were observed and it was determined that these changes reached a maximum at 10 mM LA dose. As a result, it has been understood that high doses of LA promote multi-directional toxicity and the Allium test is a very reliable test in determining this toxicity.
摘要 本研究调查了月桂酸（LA）对薤白鳞茎的一些生理、细胞遗传、生化和解剖参数的剂量依赖性影响。为此，实验分析了生理参数：发芽率、根长、根数和鲜重；细胞遗传参数：微核（MN）频率、染色体畸变（CA）和有丝分裂指数（MI）；生化参数测定了过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）水平和游离脯氨酸（Pr）含量。此外，还对根部进行了横切，并检测了分生组织细胞的结构变化。洋葱鳞茎分为四个组，即一个对照组和三个处理组。对照组的鳞茎放在装有自来水的比色皿中，处理组的鳞茎放在装有 1、5 和 10 mM LA 的比色皿中 7 天。与对照组相比，施用 LA 会导致所有生理参数值下降，MN 和 CA 的频率增加，MI 减少。此外，与对照组相比，施用 LA 会导致 CAT 和 SOD 活性以及 MDA 和 Pr 水平的增加。施用 LA 会促进根分生组织细胞中染色体粘连、纺锤体纤维损伤、染色体游离、反极化等 CAs 的发生。施用所有 LA 后，均观察到根部解剖结构的变化，如表皮细胞变形、细胞核扁平、透射组织不清晰等，并确定这些变化在 LA 剂量为 10 mM 时达到最大值。因此，人们认识到高剂量的 LA 会产生多向毒性，而 Allium 试验是确定这种毒性的非常可靠的试验。
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