Weidong Yan, Naian Liu, Hong Zhu, Haixiang Chen, Xiaodong Xie, Wei Gao, Zhihao Du
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Abstract
Background
Spot fires play a significant role in the rapid spread of wildland and wildland–urban interface fires.
Aims
This paper presents an experimental and modelling study on the flaming and smouldering burning of wood firebrands under forced convection.
Methods
The firebrand burning experiments were conducted with different wind speeds and firebrand sizes.
Key results
The burning rate of firebrands under forced convection is quantified by wood pyrolysis rate, char oxidation rate and a convective term. The firebrand projected area is correlated with firebrand diameter, char density, wind speed, and flaming or smouldering burning. A surface temperature model is derived in terms of condensed-phase energy conservation. We finally establish a simplified firebrand transport model based on the burning rate, projected area and surface temperature of firebrands.
Conclusion
The mass loss due to wood pyrolysis is much greater than that due to char oxidation in self-sustaining burning. The burning rate is proportional to U1/2, where U is wind speed. The projected area for flaming firebrands decreases more rapidly than that for smouldering ones. The firebrand surface temperature is mainly determined by radiation.
Implications
Knowledge about firebrand burning characteristics is essential for predicting the flight distance and trajectory in firebrand transport.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Wildland Fire publishes new and significant articles that advance basic and applied research concerning wildland fire. Published papers aim to assist in the understanding of the basic principles of fire as a process, its ecological impact at the stand level and the landscape level, modelling fire and its effects, as well as presenting information on how to effectively and efficiently manage fire. The journal has an international perspective, since wildland fire plays a major social, economic and ecological role around the globe.
The International Journal of Wildland Fire is published on behalf of the International Association of Wildland Fire.
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