{"title":"The Seroprevalence of Anti-heparin-PF4 (Anti-HPF4) Antibodies Among COVID-19 Patients and Its Relevance to ICU Hospitalization and Mortality","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s42399-024-01669-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Anti-heparin–platelet factor 4 (anti-HPF4) antibodies play a key role in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). These antibodies can participate in thrombosis and mortality through platelet activation. HIT is a life-threatening complication. Recently, HIT has been reported as a risk factor of thrombocytopenia exacerbation in COVID-19 patients. In the present study, we assessed the incidence of anti-HPF4 in patients with COVID-19 and the relationship with ICU hospitalization and mortality. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 97 COVID-19 patients in Yasuj City (Southwest zone of Iran). Demographic factors and platelet count, PT, APTT, and D-dimer were recorded and checked at admission and during hospitalization. Anti-HPF4 antibody assay was performed for all eligible patients by ELISA method. Statistical significance was based on two-sided design-based tests evaluated at the 0.05 level of significance. Most of the patients (<em>n</em> = 57, 58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 55.46 ± 15.2 years, and the mean hospitalization was 17.57 ± 7.2 days. The mean length of stay was 209.9 ± 79.8 × 10<sup>3</sup>/µL. The results of the anti-HPF4 antibody assay showed that 9.3% (<em>n</em> = 9) of the patients were positive for anti-HPF4 antibody. The mortality rate was higher in the HPF4-positive patients. Although the true frequency of HIT in this study was unclear, it can be concluded that anti-HPF4 antibodies are involved in the pathophysiology of HIT which is a life-threatening complication in COVID-19 patients receiving heparin treatment, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21944,"journal":{"name":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-024-01669-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Anti-heparin–platelet factor 4 (anti-HPF4) antibodies play a key role in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). These antibodies can participate in thrombosis and mortality through platelet activation. HIT is a life-threatening complication. Recently, HIT has been reported as a risk factor of thrombocytopenia exacerbation in COVID-19 patients. In the present study, we assessed the incidence of anti-HPF4 in patients with COVID-19 and the relationship with ICU hospitalization and mortality. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 97 COVID-19 patients in Yasuj City (Southwest zone of Iran). Demographic factors and platelet count, PT, APTT, and D-dimer were recorded and checked at admission and during hospitalization. Anti-HPF4 antibody assay was performed for all eligible patients by ELISA method. Statistical significance was based on two-sided design-based tests evaluated at the 0.05 level of significance. Most of the patients (n = 57, 58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 55.46 ± 15.2 years, and the mean hospitalization was 17.57 ± 7.2 days. The mean length of stay was 209.9 ± 79.8 × 103/µL. The results of the anti-HPF4 antibody assay showed that 9.3% (n = 9) of the patients were positive for anti-HPF4 antibody. The mortality rate was higher in the HPF4-positive patients. Although the true frequency of HIT in this study was unclear, it can be concluded that anti-HPF4 antibodies are involved in the pathophysiology of HIT which is a life-threatening complication in COVID-19 patients receiving heparin treatment, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.
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