Benjamin McAlexander, Eric J. Daniels, Natasha Sihota, Justin Eichert, Chris Smith
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Active remediation at sites with light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) often leaves residual hydrocarbons in the subsurface, necessitating long-term management. While much of the effort in recent years has focused on natural source zone depletion (NSZD) as the primary method for demonstrating continued hydrocarbon removal, the same data collection methods can quantify biodegradation enhancements that can sustainably increase the rate of SZD. This approach has been applied at the Guadalupe Restoration Project, one of the first sites at which NSZD measurements and monitoring technology were demonstrated. Sitewide NSZD quantification was conducted using CO2 efflux measurements and subsurface temperature profiling. The results fell within the range of previously reported estimates that were based on soil-gas profiling in the early 2000s, demonstrating the viability of the new methods at this site. The data collection methods were then deployed during pilot testing of solar-powered bioventing. The system used seven 400-W solar panels to power a regenerative blower that delivered approximately 0.85 cubic meter per minute (30 cfm) air to the LNAPL-impacted vadose soil near the interface with the groundwater table. Soil-gas data indicated an upward fanning of injected air toward ground surface. Elevated temperature due to hydrocarbon oxidation yielded an approximate 10.2 kg day−1 source depletion rate above the baseline NSZD mass removal rate over an approximate 30 m (100 ft) radius of influence, which aligned well with a 8.2 kg day−1 rate estimated from CO2 efflux measurements. Introduction of O2 via bioventing substantially increased the LNAPL biodegradation rate from baseline NSZD processes by almost an order of magnitude. The results demonstrate that site management can proceed along a sequenced program that began with aggressive hydraulic recovery of hydrocarbon product, transitions to enhanced SZD in areas with poorly recoverable LNAPL, and then to NSZD without intervention to address residual LNAPL across the full footprint of the LNAPL bodies.
期刊介绍:
Since its inception in 1981, Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation® has been a resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. It is a quarterly journal that offers the best in application oriented, peer-reviewed papers together with insightful articles from the practitioner''s perspective. Each issue features papers containing cutting-edge information on treatment technology, columns by industry experts, news briefs, and equipment news. GWMR plays a unique role in advancing the practice of the groundwater monitoring and remediation field by providing forward-thinking research with practical solutions.