{"title":"KFP operators with coefficients measurable in time and Dini continuous in space","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00028-024-00964-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>We consider degenerate Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck operators <span> <span>$$\\begin{aligned} \\mathcal {L}u&=\\sum _{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}a_{ij}(x,t)\\partial _{x_{i}x_{j}} ^{2}u+\\sum _{k,j=1}^{N}b_{jk}x_{k}\\partial _{x_{j}}u-\\partial _{t}u\\\\&\\equiv \\sum _{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}a_{ij}(x,t)\\partial _{x_{i}x_{j}}^{2}u+Yu \\end{aligned}$$</span> </span>(with <span> <span>\\((x,t)\\in \\mathbb {R}^{N+1}\\)</span> </span> and <span> <span>\\(1\\le m_{0}\\le N\\)</span> </span>) such that the corresponding model operator having constant <span> <span>\\(a_{ij}\\)</span> </span> is hypoelliptic, translation invariant w.r.t. a Lie group operation in <span> <span>\\(\\mathbb {R} ^{N+1}\\)</span> </span> and 2-homogeneous w.r.t. a family of nonisotropic dilations. The matrix <span> <span>\\((a_{ij})_{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}\\)</span> </span> is symmetric and uniformly positive on <span> <span>\\(\\mathbb {R}^{m_{0}}\\)</span> </span>. The coefficients <span> <span>\\(a_{ij}\\)</span> </span> are bounded and <em>Dini continuous in space</em>, and only bounded measurable in time. This means that, setting <span> <span>$$\\begin{aligned} \\mathrm {(i)}&\\,\\,S_{T}=\\mathbb {R}^{N}\\times \\left( -\\infty ,T\\right) ,\\\\ \\mathrm {(ii)}&\\,\\,\\omega _{f,S_{T}}(r) = \\sup _{\\begin{array}{c} (x,t),(y,t)\\in S_{T}\\\\ \\Vert x-y\\Vert \\le r \\end{array}}\\vert f(x,t) -f(y,t)\\vert \\\\ \\mathrm {(iii)}&\\,\\,\\Vert f\\Vert _{\\mathcal {D}( S_{T}) } =\\int _{0}^{1} \\frac{\\omega _{f,S_{T}}(r) }{r}dr+\\Vert f\\Vert _{L^{\\infty }\\left( S_{T}\\right) } \\end{aligned}$$</span> </span>we require the finiteness of <span> <span>\\(\\Vert a_{ij}\\Vert _{\\mathcal {D}(S_{T})}\\)</span> </span>. We bound <span> <span>\\(\\omega _{u_{x_{i}x_{j}},S_{T}}\\)</span> </span>, <span> <span>\\(\\Vert u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\\Vert _{L^{\\infty }( S_{T}) }\\)</span> </span> (<span> <span>\\(i,j=1,2,...,m_{0}\\)</span> </span>), <span> <span>\\(\\omega _{Yu,S_{T}}\\)</span> </span>, <span> <span>\\(\\Vert Yu\\Vert _{L^{\\infty }( S_{T}) }\\)</span> </span> in terms of <span> <span>\\(\\omega _{\\mathcal {L}u,S_{T}}\\)</span> </span>, <span> <span>\\(\\Vert \\mathcal {L}u\\Vert _{L^{\\infty }( S_{T}) }\\)</span> </span> and <span> <span>\\(\\Vert u\\Vert _{L^{\\infty }\\left( S_{T}\\right) }\\)</span> </span>, getting a control on the uniform continuity in space of <span> <span>\\(u_{x_{i}x_{j}},Yu\\)</span> </span> if <span> <span>\\(\\mathcal {L}u\\)</span> </span> is bounded and Dini-continuous in space. Under the additional assumption that both the coefficients <span> <span>\\(a_{ij}\\)</span> </span> and <span> <span>\\(\\mathcal {L}u\\)</span> </span> are log-Dini continuous, meaning the finiteness of the quantity <span> <span>$$\\begin{aligned} \\int _{0}^{1}\\frac{\\omega _{f,S_{T}}\\left( r\\right) }{r}\\left| \\log r\\right| dr, \\end{aligned}$$</span> </span>we prove that <span> <span>\\(u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\\)</span> </span> and <em>Yu</em> are Dini continuous; moreover, in this case, the derivatives <span> <span>\\(u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\\)</span> </span> are locally uniformly continuous in space <em>and time</em>. </p>","PeriodicalId":51083,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolution Equations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Evolution Equations","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00964-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We consider degenerate Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck operators $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {L}u&=\sum _{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}a_{ij}(x,t)\partial _{x_{i}x_{j}} ^{2}u+\sum _{k,j=1}^{N}b_{jk}x_{k}\partial _{x_{j}}u-\partial _{t}u\\&\equiv \sum _{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}a_{ij}(x,t)\partial _{x_{i}x_{j}}^{2}u+Yu \end{aligned}$$(with \((x,t)\in \mathbb {R}^{N+1}\) and \(1\le m_{0}\le N\)) such that the corresponding model operator having constant \(a_{ij}\) is hypoelliptic, translation invariant w.r.t. a Lie group operation in \(\mathbb {R} ^{N+1}\) and 2-homogeneous w.r.t. a family of nonisotropic dilations. The matrix \((a_{ij})_{i,j=1}^{m_{0}}\) is symmetric and uniformly positive on \(\mathbb {R}^{m_{0}}\). The coefficients \(a_{ij}\) are bounded and Dini continuous in space, and only bounded measurable in time. This means that, setting $$\begin{aligned} \mathrm {(i)}&\,\,S_{T}=\mathbb {R}^{N}\times \left( -\infty ,T\right) ,\\ \mathrm {(ii)}&\,\,\omega _{f,S_{T}}(r) = \sup _{\begin{array}{c} (x,t),(y,t)\in S_{T}\\ \Vert x-y\Vert \le r \end{array}}\vert f(x,t) -f(y,t)\vert \\ \mathrm {(iii)}&\,\,\Vert f\Vert _{\mathcal {D}( S_{T}) } =\int _{0}^{1} \frac{\omega _{f,S_{T}}(r) }{r}dr+\Vert f\Vert _{L^{\infty }\left( S_{T}\right) } \end{aligned}$$we require the finiteness of \(\Vert a_{ij}\Vert _{\mathcal {D}(S_{T})}\). We bound \(\omega _{u_{x_{i}x_{j}},S_{T}}\), \(\Vert u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\Vert _{L^{\infty }( S_{T}) }\) (\(i,j=1,2,...,m_{0}\)), \(\omega _{Yu,S_{T}}\), \(\Vert Yu\Vert _{L^{\infty }( S_{T}) }\) in terms of \(\omega _{\mathcal {L}u,S_{T}}\), \(\Vert \mathcal {L}u\Vert _{L^{\infty }( S_{T}) }\) and \(\Vert u\Vert _{L^{\infty }\left( S_{T}\right) }\), getting a control on the uniform continuity in space of \(u_{x_{i}x_{j}},Yu\) if \(\mathcal {L}u\) is bounded and Dini-continuous in space. Under the additional assumption that both the coefficients \(a_{ij}\) and \(\mathcal {L}u\) are log-Dini continuous, meaning the finiteness of the quantity $$\begin{aligned} \int _{0}^{1}\frac{\omega _{f,S_{T}}\left( r\right) }{r}\left| \log r\right| dr, \end{aligned}$$we prove that \(u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\) and Yu are Dini continuous; moreover, in this case, the derivatives \(u_{x_{i}x_{j}}\) are locally uniformly continuous in space and time.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Evolution Equations (JEE) publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed papers on equations dealing with time dependent systems and ranging from abstract theory to concrete applications.
Research articles should contain new and important results. Survey articles on recent developments are also considered as important contributions to the field.
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Linear and Nonlinear Semigroups
Parabolic and Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations
Reaction Diffusion Equations
Deterministic and Stochastic Control Systems
Transport and Population Equations
Volterra Equations
Delay Equations
Stochastic Processes and Dirichlet Forms
Maximal Regularity and Functional Calculi
Asymptotics and Qualitative Theory of Linear and Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Evolution Equations in Mathematical Physics
Elliptic Operators