Using an App-Based Mindfulness Intervention: A Mixed Methods Approach

Abstract

Mindfulness-based practices are often utilized and substantial research supports the continued use of these practices as effective interventions. Mindfulness interventions that utilize focused breathing, app-based guidance, and brief duration may present mental health benefits. However, examining individuals’ unique experiences from continued engagement in brief app-based mindfulness interventions over time, as well as identifying potential barriers preventing the use, is understudied. The current study utilized a longitudinal mixed method design to understand the experiences of individuals using a widely available app-based (i.e., Apple Watch) mindfulness breathing intervention over a 2-week period by identifying the thematic patterns common among the individuals and how this affected their levels of depression, anxiety, and coping skills over time. Qualitative analysis revealed a general positive experience among the participants, as well as the importance of personalization related to mindfulness interventions. Quantitative findings indicated a significant increase in coping skills, but no substantial change in their levels of depression or anxiety after 2 weeks. Researchers should continue examining interventions that include the core aspects of mindfulness, while exploring variations of mindfulness duration, frequency, total length, and breath rate to determine maximum efficacy. Practice-based interventions should focus on the effective ways to implement app-based self-guided mindfulness interventions, such as being short in duration, personalized for daily use, and aligning the practice with key components of mindfulness.