Glacier retreat triggers changes in biodiversity and plant–pollinator interaction diversity

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Bao Ngan Tu, Nora Khelidj, Pierfilippo Cerretti, Natasha de Vere, Andrea Ferrari, Francesco Paone, Carlo Polidori, Jürg Schmid, Daniele Sommaggio, Gianalberto Losapio
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Due to global warming, the worldwide retreat of glaciers is causing changes in species diversity, community composition, and species interactions. However, the impact of glacier retreat on interaction diversity and ecological networks remains poorly understood. An integrative understanding of network dynamics may inform conservation actions that support biodiversity and ecosystem functioning after glacier extinction. Here, we address how glacier retreat affects the frequency, diversity, and complexity of plant–pollinator interactions, both directly and indirectly through biodiversity change. We surveyed flower visitors (pollinators) and analyzed pollination networks across a gradient of 170 years of glacier retreat (Mont Miné glacier, Valais, Switzerland) which ranges from patchy grasslands to closed forests. We reported a strong impact of glacier retreat on both plant and pollinator communities. Notably, the diversity of plant–pollinator interactions was sharply affected by glacier retreat: interaction diversity increased few years after glacier retreat, but it ultimately decreased in late stages dominated by forests. In contrast, we found that plant–pollinator network complexity did not change with glacier retreat. Our results indicate that the development of plant–pollinator networks is a two-phases process. In the first phase, glacier retreat makes space to plant colonization. This initial increase in plant diversity drives the increase in pollinator and interaction diversity. The second phase is characterized by turnover as woody species encroaches and dominates the community, decreasing the diversity of plant species in ultimate instance. The local decrease of plant diversity leads to a local decrease in pollinator and interaction diversity. Slowing down woody encroachment and enhancing flower diversity, which is initially supported by the glacial landscape, may be key strategies for halting the erosion of ecological networks while increasing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Our research thus can help resolve the overarching question of how to conserve ecosystems once glaciers are extinct, pointing toward a composite role of both habitat structure and biological functions.

Abstract Image

冰川退缩引发生物多样性和植物授粉者相互作用多样性的变化
由于全球变暖,全球范围内的冰川退缩正在导致物种多样性、群落组成和物种相互作用发生变化。然而,人们对冰川退缩对相互作用多样性和生态网络的影响仍然知之甚少。对网络动态的综合理解可以为冰川消退后支持生物多样性和生态系统功能的保护行动提供信息。在此,我们探讨了冰川退缩如何直接或通过生物多样性变化间接影响植物与传粉昆虫相互作用的频率、多样性和复杂性。我们调查了访花者(授粉者)的情况,并分析了冰川退缩 170 年后的授粉网络梯度(瑞士瓦莱州米内山冰川),该梯度的范围从成片的草地到封闭的森林。我们报告了冰川退缩对植物和传粉昆虫群落的强烈影响。值得注意的是,冰川退缩严重影响了植物与传粉昆虫相互作用的多样性:相互作用的多样性在冰川退缩后的几年内有所增加,但在以森林为主的后期阶段则最终减少。相反,我们发现植物-传粉昆虫网络的复杂性并没有随着冰川退缩而改变。我们的研究结果表明,植物-传粉昆虫网络的发展分为两个阶段。在第一阶段,冰川退缩为植物殖民提供了空间。最初植物多样性的增加推动了授粉者和相互作用多样性的增加。第二阶段的特点是更替,因为木本物种侵占并主导群落,最终降低了植物物种的多样性。植物多样性的局部减少导致传粉者和相互作用多样性的局部减少。减缓木质侵蚀和提高最初由冰川地貌支持的花卉多样性,可能是在增加生物多样性和生态系统功能的同时阻止生态网络侵蚀的关键策略。因此,我们的研究有助于解决冰川消失后如何保护生态系统这一重大问题,并指出栖息地结构和生物功能的综合作用。
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来源期刊
Alpine Botany
Alpine Botany PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
18.50%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Alpine Botany is an international journal providing a forum for plant science studies at high elevation with links to fungal and microbial ecology, including vegetation and flora of mountain regions worldwide.
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