Supplementation of tropical red seaweeds improved gut health indices, antioxidant status and immunity in adult dogs

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of Applied Phycology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI:10.1007/s10811-024-03229-7

K. Y. Srinivas, A. Das, P. Bagavan Reddy, A. K. Verma

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Abstract

We explored the effect of supplementation of two tropical red seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) at three different levels (0, 1.5 and 3%) on nutrient utilization, gut health, antioxidant, and immune status in adult dogs. The experiment was based on a 5 x 5 Latin square design (LSD) comprising five adult Labrador dogs, five dietary treatments (CON: basal diet; KA_L: KA at 1.5 % of diet dry matter (DM); KA_H: KA at 3 % DM; GS_L: GS at 1.5 % DM; GS_H: GS at 3 % DM) and five periods, each of 21 days, followed by a 7-day washout period in between. The palatability, food intake, and body weight changes were comparable among the groups (P>0.05). The supplementation of two seaweeds at either level did not have any effect on nutrient digestibility (P>0.05). The fecal lactate concentration was higher (P<0.05) in GS_L and GS_H groups whereas fecal ammonia was lower (P<0.05) in the GS_H group in comparison to the other groups. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile improved (P<0.05) in the KA_H, GS_L, and GS_H groups. The mean fecal Lactobacillus count tended to increase (P<0.10) in the KA_H and GS_H groups while the coliform count remained unaffected by seaweed supplementation. The mean fecal Bifidobacterium population was higher (P<0.05) and the mean clostridial population was lower (P<0.05) in the GS_H group as compared to -other groups. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was higher (P<0.05) and lipid peroxides were lower in the KA_H and GS_H groups. A tendency (P<0.10) of improved cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was observed in the GS_H group as compared to other groups. Overall, the supplementation of either of the seaweeds at 1.5 % failed to exert significant influence on any of the parameters studied except fecal VFA and lactate levels, whereas both the seaweeds at 3% level showed some promising benefits in terms of improved gut health, antioxidant, and immune status and the best response was obtained in GS_H group. Hence, it can be concluded that supplementation of GS at the 3 % level outperformed KA supplementation at the 3 % level by improving gut health, antioxidant status and immunity.

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补充热带红海藻可改善成年狗的肠道健康指数、抗氧化状态和免疫力

我们探讨了在三种不同水平（0%、1.5% 和 3%）下补充两种热带红藻：Kappaphycus alvarezii（KA）和 Gracilaria salicornia（GS）对成年犬营养素利用、肠道健康、抗氧化和免疫状态的影响。实验采用 5 x 5 拉丁正方形设计（LSD），包括五只成年拉布拉多犬、五种饮食处理（CON：基础饮食；KAL：KA，占饮食干物质（DM）的 1.5%；KAH：KA，占饮食干物质（DM）的 3%；GSL：GS，占饮食干物质（DM）的 1.5%；GSH：GS，占饮食干物质（DM）的 3%）和五个阶段，每个阶段 21 天，中间间隔 7 天。各组的适口性、采食量和体重变化相当（P>0.05）。无论添加哪种海藻，对营养物质的消化率都没有影响（P>0.05）。与其他组相比，GSL 组和 GSH 组的粪便乳酸盐浓度较高（P<0.05），而 GSH 组的粪便氨氮较低（P<0.05）。KAH组、GSL组和GSH组的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）状况有所改善（P<0.05）。KAH 组和 GSH 组的平均粪便乳酸杆菌数呈上升趋势（P<0.10），而大肠菌群数则不受海藻补充剂的影响。与其他组相比，GSH 组的粪便双歧杆菌平均数量较高（P<0.05），梭状芽孢杆菌平均数量较低（P<0.05）。KAH 组和 GSH 组的还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度更高（P<0.05），脂质过氧化物更低。与其他组相比，GSH 组的细胞介导免疫（CMI）有改善趋势（P<0.10）。总体而言，除了粪便中的 VFA 和乳酸盐水平外，1.5% 的海藻补充剂未能对研究的任何参数产生显著影响，而 3% 的海藻补充剂则在改善肠道健康、抗氧化和免疫状态方面显示出一些有希望的益处，GSH 组的反应最好。因此，可以得出结论，补充 3% 的 GS 比补充 3% 的 KA 更能改善肠道健康、抗氧化状态和免疫力。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Phycology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

9.10%

发文量

212

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Applied Phycology publishes work on the rapidly expanding subject of the commercial use of algae. The journal accepts submissions on fundamental research, development of techniques and practical applications in such areas as algal and cyanobacterial biotechnology and genetic engineering, tissues culture, culture collections, commercially useful micro-algae and their products, mariculture, algalization and soil fertility, pollution and fouling, monitoring, toxicity tests, toxic compounds, antibiotics and other biologically active compounds. Each issue of the Journal of Applied Phycology also includes a short section for brief notes and general information on new products, patents and company news.