Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Research on utilization of artificial intelligence in higher education has significantly expanded in recent years. However, the existing literature in this domain highlights a shortage of research in specific subareas, such as ChatGPT and the innovative utilization of advanced artificial intelligence tools. With the growing number of studies focusing on artificial intelligence in higher education, there is a need to assess to what extent the current body of research is filling the previously reported research gap. This study aims to review research published within the last 11 months in the year 2023, to assess the status and direction of recent publications in these specific areas and to provide a comprehensive summary that will assist scholars and higher education institutions in shaping their future work on artificial intelligence in higher education. Using a systematic literature review methodology, 295 articles published on the Scopus database were analyzed. The review findings indicate that the majority of papers serve a general overview purpose, with a moderate focus on generative AI, advanced integration of AI into teaching and learning, and prediction modes. On the contrary, a limited number of papers were directed toward AI for assessment, AI Chatbot, and support for administrative processes. These findings highlight the need for a shift of research efforts from more general exploration topics to a more advanced investigation into the usage of AI tools in a novel and sophisticated manner.