The use of anti-glaucoma medications following pediatric glaucoma surgery: a report on efficacy and trends in Cairo University

Abstract

To identify the pattern(s) in using antiglaucoma medications following glaucoma surgery in children and compare their efficacies. Retrospective chart review of patients (≤12 years) receiving glaucoma surgery from January 2013 to December 2020. Partially responsive patients needing antiglaucoma medications to attain an Intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 18 mmHg were divided into three groups: (A) received beta-blocker (β-Blockers); (B) received Prostaglandin analogues and (C) received fixed β-Blocker+ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) preparation. Data included demographics, clinical characteristics, IOP (before, after 1 month, and at last follow-up), and surgeries. Successful treatment attained IOP less than or equal to 18 mmHg on last follow-up. Side effects were recorded. Totally 200 eyes of 152 patients were included, (61%) presented within the first month of life, 54% were males, 31.6% had bilateral disease and (82.2%) had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Pre-treatment IOP was significantly higher in group C (P=0.009). The most common procedure performed was trabeculotomy (P=0.014). After a mean follow-up period of 20.12 months, all three groups showed a significant reduction in the IOP (P≤0.001), with the highest percent reduction attained in group C (43.7% vs. 33.4% and 33.1% in groups A and B, respectively) P=0.001. Final success rates were 41.2%, 83.3%, and 82.2% for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Dry eye was the most common side effect (32 eyes) mainly occurring in group A (21.6%). The most frequently used antiglaucoma medications following partially successful surgery are CAI+β-Blocker combinations. They seem to have the most potent effect and are usually used as a first line the higher the initial IOP is.