Lungworms in Small Ruminant: A Review with Emphasise on the Situation in Ethiopia

Abstract

In Ethiopia, farm animals are confined to compounds year-round, and the climate is conducive to the development and survival of transmissible stages or vectors of several diseases. Therefore, helminth parasites are the primary cause of economic loss. Climate, ecology, and animal production. Systems are essential contributors to parasite reproduction and persistence. Important among diseases caused by infectious means is parasitic bronchitis Dictyocaulus filaria (D. filarial) is a lungworm of small ruminants that is found worldwide, including Ethiopia. The prevalence of D. filaria in sheep is maximum in Shoa (approximately 83-91.5 %), lowest in Tigray (approximately 11.24 %), and average in between 34.36% and 36. 24% in goats. In sheep, the prevalence of D. filaria is nearly 67.15 percent in females and 69.75 percent in males. In Gonder town, lungworm is prevalent in extensive management (approximately 43.40 %) and semi-intensive management (approximately 30.90 %). The diagnosis of lungworm is based on clinical symptoms, epidemiology, and laboratory conclusions of the first larvae gained by a range of larval recovery techniques. Guiding parasitic bronchitis in small ruminants can be talented through the use of anthelmintic, enhanced management practices, and the practice of using exposed larvae as a vaccine.