Carbon dioxide as an indicator of bioaerosol activity and human health in K-12 school systems: a scoping review of current knowledge

M. Gangwar, Yusuf Jamal, M. Usmani, Chang-Yu Wu, A. Jutla
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Abstract

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in schools has received attention over the past decades but still lacks specific standards and regulations. This study aimed to review the impact of bioaerosol activity in indoor environments on acute respiratory diseases and explore whether carbon dioxide can be used as an indicator of bioaerosol and respiratory diseases in indoor environments in K-12 school systems. Findings suggest a lack of a consensual approach to evaluate bioaerosols impacting IAQ in indoor infrastructures, particularly in school environments; an elevated CO2 concentration inside the school classrooms was not uncommon, and the evidence of unsatisfactory and degraded IAQ (surpassing ASHRAE standards) at public schools in rural and urban settings in one of the North Central County, Florida. It was found that CO2 levels can be associated with bioaerosol activity, and sufficient ventilation within the space substantially reduces the airborne time of respiratory droplets and CO2 levels. CO2 monitoring can act as an effective, low-cost alternative to surveying or detecting the prevalence of respiratory diseases, which may hold strength through establishing critical CO2 thresholds and, thereafter associating it with the infectious doses of pathogen activity.
二氧化碳作为 K-12 学校系统中生物气溶胶活动和人类健康的指标:对现有知识的范围审查
过去几十年来,学校的室内空气质量(IAQ)一直受到关注,但仍然缺乏具体的标准和法规。本研究旨在回顾室内环境中生物气溶胶活动对急性呼吸道疾病的影响,并探讨二氧化碳是否可作为 K-12 学校系统室内环境中生物气溶胶和呼吸道疾病的指标。研究结果表明,在评估生物气溶胶对室内基础设施(尤其是学校环境)的室内空气质量的影响方面缺乏一致的方法;学校教室内二氧化碳浓度升高的情况并不少见,佛罗里达州中北部一个县的农村和城市公立学校的室内空气质量不尽人意且有所下降(超过 ASHRAE 标准)。研究发现,二氧化碳水平可能与生物气溶胶的活动有关,而空间内的充分通风可大大减少呼吸液滴和二氧化碳水平在空气中的传播时间。二氧化碳监测可作为调查或检测呼吸道疾病流行情况的一种有效、低成本的替代方法,通过建立临界二氧化碳阈值,并将其与病原体活动的感染剂量联系起来,可能会起到一定的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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