Simultaneous Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Unusual Presentation

H. Ouakrim, N. H. Aden, S. Rafi, G. E. Mghari, N. Ansari
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Abstract

The coexistence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is a rare clinical occurrence. Thyroid pathology is reported in 20% to 84% of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases, with malignancies identified in 2% to 20% of instances. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman referred for evaluation of left iliac wing and hip pain with elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Imaging revealed a toxic multinodular goiter with a parathyroid adenoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with parathyroid adenoma excision. Subsequent histological examination unexpectedly identified a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma associated with the parathyroid adenoma. The association between PHPT and PTC is complex, influenced by shared embryological origins and genetic factors. Elevated PTH levels in PHPT may contribute to thyroid cell proliferation, and hypercalcemia is suggested to promote thyroid carcinogenesis. Molecular analyses suggest the involvement of pathways like MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin. The coexistence of PHPT and PTC highlights the necessity for thorough preoperative assessment and the ongoing need for research. While minimally invasive parathyroid surgery is favored, the risks associated with coexisting thyroid pathology should be carefully considered. Routine thyroid ultrasonography in PHPT patients is crucial to exclude nodular thyroid disease, emphasizing the role of research in guiding clinical practices. A balanced approach integrating technical advancements and thoughtful risk assessment is essential in navigating this complex clinical scenario.
甲状腺乳头状癌与原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症同时存在:不寻常的表现
原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)与甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)并存是一种罕见的临床现象。据报道,20%至84%的原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)病例存在甲状腺病变,2%至20%的病例存在恶性肿瘤。我们报告了一例因左侧髂翼和髋部疼痛并伴有甲状旁腺激素水平升高而转诊的49岁女性病例。影像学检查发现患者患有毒性多结节性甲状腺肿和甲状旁腺腺瘤。患者接受了甲状腺全切除术,并切除了甲状旁腺腺瘤。随后的组织学检查意外发现了与甲状旁腺腺瘤相关的甲状腺乳头状微癌。PHPT和PTC之间的关联非常复杂,受到共同的胚胎起源和遗传因素的影响。PHPT患者PTH水平升高可能会导致甲状腺细胞增殖,而高钙血症被认为会促进甲状腺癌的发生。分子分析表明,MAPK和Wnt/β-catenin等通路参与其中。PHPT和PTC的并存凸显了进行全面术前评估的必要性和持续研究的必要性。虽然微创甲状旁腺手术受到青睐,但同时存在甲状腺病变的风险也应仔细考虑。PHPT患者的常规甲状腺超声检查对于排除结节性甲状腺疾病至关重要,这强调了研究在指导临床实践中的作用。在处理这一复杂的临床问题时,必须采取一种平衡的方法,将技术进步和周到的风险评估结合起来。
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