Putting women back into the early modern economy: Work, occupations, and economic development

IF 1.4 1区 历史学 Q3 ECONOMICS
Jane Whittle
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Abstract

A dataset of just under 10,000 work tasks gleaned from court depositions that records women's as well as men's work, and unpaid as well as paid activities, prompts a reassessment of the transformation of the early modern economy and women's role within it. Rather than sectoral change in production activities with a growth of manufacturing at the expense of agriculture, the evidence suggests that work tasks changed little over time despite occupational specialization increasing. Women's labour force participation is shown to contribute 44 per cent of work in the economy, rather than 30 per cent as in previous estimates. This is partly because of the importance of commercialized housework and care work, which has been largely overlooked in existing models of the early modern economy. Turning to waged work, findings confirm that men's and women's participation in paid agricultural work were linked, with women being employed in greater numbers when men were not available. However, these trends had a strong relationship with access to land, a factor that has been neglected in comparison with demographic trends and the cost of consumables. The organization of work was transformed in the seventeenth century as the number of completely landless households increased rapidly.

Abstract Image

让妇女重返现代早期经济:工作、职业和经济发展
从法庭证词中收集到的不到 10,000 项工作任务的数据集记录了女性和男性的工作,以及无偿和有偿活动,这促使人们重新评估现代早期经济的转型和女性在其中的角色。证据表明,尽管职业专业化程度有所提高,但随着时间的推移,工作任务变化不大,而不是生产活动的部门变化,即制造业的增长以农业为代价。妇女的劳动力参与占经济工作的 44%,而不是以前估计的 30%。这部分是由于商业化家务劳动和护理工作的重要性,而现有的早期现代经济模型在很大程度上忽视了这一点。关于有偿工作,研究结果证实,男性和女性参与有偿农业工作是相互关联的,当男性无法工作时,女性受雇的人数会更多。然而,这些趋势与获得土地有很大关系,而与人口趋势和消费品成本相比,这一因素却被忽视了。十七世纪,随着完全没有土地的家庭数量迅速增加,工作组织发生了变化。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
27.30%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: The Economic History Review is published quarterly and each volume contains over 800 pages. It is an invaluable source of information and is available free to members of the Economic History Society. Publishing reviews of books, periodicals and information technology, The Review will keep anyone interested in economic and social history abreast of current developments in the subject. It aims at broad coverage of themes of economic and social change, including the intellectual, political and cultural implications of these changes.
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