Biopolymeric conjugation with polynucleotides and applications

Abstract

Biopolymeric conjugate units are the next-generation material having maximum appreciable attributes such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic, bioadhesive, and bioavailability. The usage of biopolymers promotes green chemistry and sustainable development hence limiting the overgrowing toxic materials harming the environment. In addition, polynucleotide conjugates increase the efficiency of the biopolymeric conjugate unit due to their supramolecular structure. Polynucleotide conjugates comprising chitosan, peptide, cyclodextrin, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, phenanthridine, and metallocene are common conjugates with polynucleotides. The synthesis process depends on the use of substrate and available conjugates. However click chemistry involving a series of steps can be preferably used for the development of conjugated, while the new method of cycling using the Garratt–Braverman cyclization approach combined with Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction can also be used as an alternative to click chemistry. Peptide coupling, N-methylation, reductive amination, acylation reaction, and layer-by-layer can be used to fabricate polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates. Considering the applicability aspect of the developed polynucleotide conjugates then preferably the biomedical field has witnessed more of its usage followed by its utility as a catalyst and detection and sensor probes. Especially, RNA technology has made a preferable place as a conjugate because of its intrinsic coding, and expression of genes in the natural environment. Therefore, polynucleotide/biopolymeric conjugates can be successfully employed to achieve the required results in the desired fields.